The Saga of The People of Vatnsdal

Vatnsdæla saga

Sagas of Icelanders

I

Introduction

Vatnsdæla saga tells the story of the settlement and feuds of the Vatnsdal family in northern Iceland from the 800s to early 1000s, focusing on the descendants of Ingimund the Old, who is guided to Iceland by a prophecy. The saga recounts Ingimund’s establishment of a powerful chieftaincy in the northern region of Iceland, his struggles with rival families, and his descendants’ ongoing conflicts with neighbors, often leading to legal disputes and violent clashes.

Here begins Vatnsdæla Saga

1

About Ketill Raum and Outlaws

There was a man named Ketill, who was called Raum. He was a wealthy man. He lived on a farm called Raumsdal, which is in northern Norway. He was the son of Orm Skeljamaul, Nes-Bjorn’s son, Jotun-Bjorn’s son from the north of Norway.

When this story took place, petty kings ruled Norway. Ketill was a distinguished man, wealthy, strong, and excellent in all trials of manhood. He had been a warrior earlier in his life but now settled on his farm as age came upon him. He was married to Mjoll, the daughter of Anar Bowswayer. Ketill had a son named Thorstein with her. He was a handsome man. He was not particularly notable for his height or strength. He was eighteen years old at the time of these events, but Thorstein’s behavior and all his abilities were well above average for young men of that time.

During this period, people began to notice that outlaws or criminals were likely present on the road between Jamtaland and Raumsdal, as no one who traveled that way returned, even if they traveled in groups of fifteen or twenty. No one had returned, leading people to believe that an outlaw must be lying in wait.

Ketill’s household was least affected by this unrest, both in terms of murders and property losses. People started speaking out against this, saying that the leader of the district must be very incompetent if no actions were taken against such misdeeds. They remarked that Ketill was now growing old, but he did not pay much attention to these comments, although he was aware of what they said.

2

Ketill Raum's Incitement

Once, Ketill spoke to his son Thorstein: “The behavior of young men is different now than when I was young. Then, men desired to achieve something notable, either by going on raids or by acquiring wealth and honor through some deeds that involved personal danger. But now young men want to stay home, sit by the hearth, and fill their bellies with mead and ale, leading to a decline in manliness and bravery. I gained my wealth and honor by daring to put myself in danger and by fighting hard duels.

“Now, you, Thorstein, have received little strength in power and stature. It seems fitting that you follow this path in your endeavors and bring forth determination and all daring deeds because you do not wish to follow in the footsteps of your forefathers. You show yourself as you appear, and your courage will match your stature. It was the custom of powerful men, kings, or earls, our equals, to go on raids and acquire wealth and fame. This wealth was not to be counted as inheritance, nor should the son take it after the father. Instead, it should be buried with the chieftains themselves.

“Now, although their sons took lands, they could not maintain their standing unless they put themselves and their men in danger and warfare, thus acquiring wealth and fame, each following the other and stepping into the footsteps of their kin. I think that you are unfamiliar with the laws of warriors, and I could teach them to you. You are now of the age that it is time to test yourself and see what fortune grants you.”

Thorstein answered, “There would be encouragement if it did any good.” Then he stood up, and walked away in anger.

A large forest lies between Raumsdal and Uppland, with a common road passing through, though it is now obstructed by those evil beings that people believed to be out there, although no one could say for certain. Now, it seemed the greatest honor to address this problem here.

3

Thorstein's Encounter with Jokull the Outlaw

Not long after the conversation between father and son, Thorstein walked out alone from a drinking session, strongly considering that he should trust his father’s fortune and avoid his reproaches. He rather wanted to put himself in some danger. He took his horse and rode alone into the forest, where he thought the outlaws were most likely to be, though he expected little success against such overwhelming force, as he believed awaited him. He preferred to risk his life than go on a fruitless mission.

He tied his horse at the forest edge and then entered the forest. He found a side path leading off the main road. After walking for a long time, he found a large, well-built house in the forest. Thorstein believed this dwelling belonged to the one who had barred the paths, whether it was one person or many. He then entered the hall and found a large chests with many valuables. There was a large stack of wood, and on the other side, there were sacks with various goods. He saw a bed there, much larger than any bed he had seen before. He thought the man who fit this bed must be very tall. The bed was well-canopied. There was also a table set with clean cloths, splendid food, and the finest drink. Thorstein did not touch these things. He then sought a hiding place so he would not be immediately seen by whoever lived in the hall, for he wanted to assess the situation before they exchanged words or saw each other. He climbed up among the sacks in the storehouse and sat there.

Later, as evening approached, he heard a loud noise outside, and then a man entered, leading a horse. This man was very large, with white hair that fell to his shoulders in beautiful locks. Thorstein thought the man was very handsome. The man lit a fire, and then led his horse to the stable. He placed a hand basin before himself, washed, and dried himself with a white cloth. He poured a fine drink from a jug into a large goblet and then started eating. All of the man’s actions seemed impressive and very courteous to Thorstein. The man was much larger than Ketill, Thorstein’s father, and seemed to be, as he was, the greatest of men.

After he was full, the hall’s occupant sat by the fire, looking into it, and said, “Something has changed here; the fire is now more burnt than I expected. I think it was lit recently, and I do not know what that means. It could be that people have come and are lying in wait for my life, and that would not be without reason. I will go and search the house.”

He then took a firebrand and searched around, coming to the storehouse. It was arranged so that one could walk from the storehouse into a large smoke vent in the hall. As the outlaw searched the storehouse, Thorstein went outside, and the hall’s occupant could not find him, for Thorstein’s fate was destined differently than to be killed there. The outlaw searched the house three times but found nothing.

Then the hall’s occupant said, “I will now remain quiet, and it is uncertain where this will lead. It may be that my fate will fulfill the saying, ‘evil plans have evil outcomes.'”

Then he returned to his bed and took off his short sword. Thorstein saw that it seemed to be of great value and likely very sharp. He thought to himself that it would be useful if he could get hold of the sword. His father’s urging also came to mind, that it would require strength and boldness to achieve such a deed or others, and that honor and splendid wealth would come in return. He would then be thought to have done better than sitting by his mother’s fireplace. He also remembered that his father had said he was no better with weapons than a daughter or another woman, and that it would be more honorable for his family if there was a loss in their lineage rather than him being there. These thoughts urged Thorstein on, and he sought an opportunity to avenge the many injustices, even though he thought it a great pity for the man.

The hall-dweller then fell asleep, and Thorstein made some noise to test how deeply he slept. He woke up and turned onto his side. After a while, Thorstein made another attempt, and again he woke up but less so. The third time, Thorstein stepped forward and struck a heavy blow on the bedpost and found that everything around him was quiet. Then Thorstein lit a fire and went to the bed to see if he was gone. Thorstein saw that he lay there asleep in a golden-embroidered silk shirt, looking up at the ceiling. Thorstein then drew the short sword and thrust it into the large man’s chest, inflicting a great wound. The man reacted strongly, grabbed Thorstein, and pulled him up into the bed beside him. The sword remained in the wound, and Thorstein had thrust it so hard that the tip stuck in the bedding. The man was extremely strong but left the sword where it was and Thorstein lay between the partition and him.

The wounded man spoke: “Who is this man who has wounded me?”

He replied: “I am called Thorstein, son of Ketill Raum.”

The man said: “I thought I knew your name before, but I believe I have done you and your father the least harm, for I have caused you little or no injury. But now you were quicker than I was slow, for I was just about to leave this mischief behind. Now it is up to me whether I let you live or die. If I acted according to what you deserve and your actions, no one would speak of our encounter. But I think it wisest to let you live, and you may prove useful to me if things turn out well. Now I will also tell you my name. I am Jokull, son of Jarl Ingimund of Gautland. Following the custom of sons of powerful men, I acquired wealth, though rather aggressively. But now I was ready to leave. Now, if you feel any gratitude for your life, go to my father, but first speak to my mother, named Vigdis, and tell her about this event alone and give her my affectionate greetings. Tell her to arrange peace with the jarl and full reconciliation by having him marry you to his daughter and my sister, Thordis. Here is gold you shall bring as a token that I sent you. Although she will grieve greatly over me, I hope she will value my affection and message more than your action. I sense you will become a successful man. Now, if you have sons or your sons do, do not let my name be forgotten, as I expect to gain from it, and I give you this for sparing your life.”

Thorstein then asked him to do as he pleased with his life and other matters and said he would not ask for anything more.

Jokull said now his life was in Thorstein’s hands, “and you have been greatly urged to this deed by your father, and now his advice has fully bitten me, and I see that you are content even if we both die, but you will have a greater destiny. Those who follow you are not leaderless, due to your determination and bravery, and it is better that you marry my sister than Vikings take her as spoils of war. Now, though you are offered land in Gautland, go to your estates in Raumsdal because my paternal relatives will not grant you power after my father’s day, but it may be that a grievous death lies in your lineage and people will lose their innocent kin. Now, do not disclose my name to the public, except to your father and my relatives, for my life has been disgraceful and is now deservedly over. This happens to most wrongdoers. Now take this gold as a token and pull out the short sword, and our conversation will not be long.”

Then Thorstein pulled out the short sword, and Jokull died.

4

Thorstein Distributes Jokull's Loot

After these events, Thorstein rode home. As he approached the farm, he saw many men riding to meet him, among them his father and many acquaintances, all of whom were searching for him. When they met, Ketill greeted his son with kind words, feeling as though he had been retrieved from death itself, saying, “I regretted at once the words I spoke to provoke or challenge you.”

Thorstein replied, saying his father had not foreseen whether he would ever return, but fortune had favored him, now that he had returned safely. Although they exchanged these words with some bitterness, they soon reconciled. Thorstein then told his father the full account of his journey. For this deed, Thorstein gained great renown from everyone, as was to be expected. Then, Thorstein called for a gathering, and all the people from the surrounding districts came.

At this assembly, Thorstein stood up and spoke: “It is known to you all the fear that has plagued us for a while due to outlaws, making it unsafe for people to travel. This threat has now been resolved and ended. The main purpose of this meeting is that I want each person to take their property that was taken, and I will claim what remains.”

This was well received by the people, and Thorstein gained great respect for all his actions. The common people did not know the name of the outlaw, as it was not widely publicized.

5

Thorstein Reaches an Agreement with Earl Ingimund

One day, Thorstein spoke to his father about going east to see Earl Ingimund, as he had promised Jokull. Ketill considered it unwise to place himself in the hands of his enemies and urged him to stay home instead. He said, “Even if the earl does not intend to harm you, there might still be others who are hostile and not well-disposed towards you.”

Thorstein replied, “I promised Jokull that I would fulfill my word, and even if I return with neither foot intact, I will still go.”

Thorstein then prepared himself and traveled to Gautland. He timed his journey so that he arrived at the earl’s residence early in the day. The earl was out hunting, as was customary for noblemen. Thorstein went into a drinking hall and sat down on a bench with his companions. Then, the earl’s wife entered the hall, noticed the newcomers, and saw that they must be foreigners. She asked who they were.

Thorstein answered, “I am from Norse, and I have a private matter to discuss with you. Let us speak alone.” She agreed to this.

Thorstein then said, “I have news to tell you: the killing of your son Jokull.”

She replied, “That is a significant and tragic event, but not unexpected given his actions and misdeeds. But what compelled you to bring this sorrowful news and travel such a long distance?”

Thorstein answered, “There is much that compels me. I promised him upon our parting that I would come to see you and truthfully report our encounter. There is no hiding that I was the one who killed him, as it was unbearable for our people to endure his murders and robberies. Yet, to tell you in confidence, he had the chance to kill me if he wished, but he spared my life. He asked me to come to you with his message, and it would have been easier to stay home than to risk your mercy. Here, I have gold that he said you would recognize, and he asked me to bring it as a token so that you would help me reconcile with the earl, with the hope that I might marry your daughter, Thordis. He also hoped you would value his message and instructions more than my actions.”

Vigdís blushed deeply and said, “You must be a bold man, but I believe you are telling the truth about your encounter. If Jokull spared your life, it would be my advice that you should keep it, as you appear to be a promising man. For Jokull’s sake, I will speak to the earl on your behalf, but you should remain hidden for now.”

When the earl came home, the queen went to him and said, “I have news to tell you, which affects us both.”

The earl replied, “You must be telling me of the death of my son Jokull.”

She confirmed it to be true.

The earl said, “He would not have died of illness.”

She answered, “It is true that he was killed, but he showed great bravery beforehand. He spared the life of the man who did it and sent him here to us with true tokens, asking you to grant him protection and pardon, despite the great offense. You could also benefit from supporting this man if you were to strengthen him through marriage and by giving your daughter, as Jokull instructed. He expected you to honor his final request. You can see how faithful this man has been to his word, traveling here to us despite the danger, leaving his home to place himself in our hands. Now, I hope, for my sake and for your son’s request, that you will do as I ask and consider these tokens.”

She then showed him the gold.

The earl sighed heavily and said, “You have spoken much and very boldly, that I should honor the man who killed my son. This man deserves death rather than friendship.”

The queen replied, “Consider, my lord, the importance of respecting Jokull’s words and the man’s bravery in placing himself in your power. Moreover, you are old and need someone to lead you, and this man is well-suited for that role. Just as Jokull spared his life when he could have killed him and sought his fortune through him, uncertain though it was, so it is only fitting that we do not deny this man’s victory and good fortune, and respect our son’s noble decision to spare him. It would be a great dishonor to harm him now that he is at our mercy.”

The earl said, “You strongly support this man and have a good opinion of him. I certainly want to see him and judge for myself what kind of man he is, and it will matter greatly how he appears to me.”

Then Thorstein was brought forward and stood before the earl, after the queen had managed to calm his anger.

Thorstein said, “Everything is now in your power, my earl, regarding my fate. You are also aware of my mission here. I ask you for reconciliation and fear nothing regarding what you wish to do. It is also customary for chieftains to grant life to those who willingly submit to their mercy.”

The earl said, “You seem to me as someone whose life I should spare. It might now be best for my son’s memory that you take his place if you are willing to stay with me, for you seem to have good fortune. It is also not noble to fight against someone who surrenders himself to another’s mercy.”

Thorstein thanked the earl for sparing his life and stayed there for a while, and they got to know each other. The earl soon realized that Thorstein was a wise and remarkable man in all respects.

One time, Thorstein said to the earl, “Now I wish to know what the situation is regarding the marriage alliance with you, my lord.”

The earl replied, “I will not refuse that, as it may bring good fortune to our family, but I want you to stay with us.”

Thorstein said, “I agree to that and am grateful to stay here while you live, but people will not grant me honor here after your death, and each must seek his own destiny.”

The earl agreed that this was likely true.

6

Thorstein's Marriage and Ketill Raum's Death

Shortly thereafter, Thorstein rode home and told his father all the plans and asked him to travel with him, which Ketill agreed to do. The earl prepared a feast, and Thorstein attended with the people of Raumsdal and many prominent men, and the feast was adorned with fine provisions. It concluded with the greatest honor and lavish gifts, and the earl and Ketill parted with the utmost friendship. Thorstein stayed with his wife. Thorstein always received friendly words from the earl. Soon, there was great love between Thorstein and Thordis.

One evening, it is mentioned that men came to the earl with the news that Ketill Raum had died and that people wanted Thorstein to return to his homeland and take up his rule. Thorstein discussed this matter with his wife and the earl. She told him to see to it as he wished, saying she wanted to follow what he decided. He said he mostly wanted to go home, noting that there was little cause for envy there and that everyone would best honor him there. The earl also agreed to this plan, saying it was likely that he would prosper more at home than among strangers.

Soon after this, the earl fell ill. He called his son-in-law Thorstein and his daughter to him and said, “Prepare now for your journey home with great honor in terms of wealth, and our relatives can be satisfied that the entire rule of this land is given up to you with everything that comes with it. And if you are blessed with a son, let him bear my name.”

Thorstein agreed, but said he was not seeking the earl’s title as his relatives were not of noble rank.

7

On Ingimund's Upbringing and Raids

Earl Ingimund died shortly after, and Thorstein returned home to his estates and took over his inheritance. He went raiding during the summers, gaining wealth and honor, but stayed at his farm during the winters, earning the reputation of a highly esteemed man.

There was a man named Ingjald who lived in Hefni, an island to the north in Halogaland. He was a brave farmer who went on raids during the summers and stayed put during the winters. There was a close friendship between Ingjald and Thorstein. Ingjald was a good farmer and a very capable man.

Thorstein had a son with his wife, and when the boy was born, he was brought to his father. Thorstein looked at him and said, “This boy shall be named Ingimund after his maternal grandfather, and I hope for his good fortune because of the name.”

The boy grew quickly and showed great promise early on. Thorstein and Ingjald had annual gatherings each autumn when they returned from their Viking expeditions. On one occasion, when Ingjald was at a feast hosted by Thorstein, young Ingimund ran up to Ingjald.

Ingjald said, “You are a fortunate boy, and because of my friendship with your father, I want to invite you to my home for the best fostering I can provide.”

Thorstein accepted the offer, and the boy went home with Ingjald. Ingjald had two sons, Grim and Hromund, who were promising young men and became foster brothers to Ingimund. Thorstein and Ingjald continued their tradition of hosting each other and holding feasts, and people felt that Ketill’s legacy was fulfilled in Thorstein, even though Thorstein was smaller and not as strong as his father had been.

Once, when Ingimund met his father, he said: “You have provided me with a good foster upbringing, but now I want you to give me a ship, for I wish to go raiding this summer, following the custom of my forefathers. I am now of an age where I can undertake such endeavors, and I want to finance this voyage myself and with your help, not my foster father’s, though I know I can get what I need from him.”

Thorstein agreed that this was well considered and said, “I will get you a ship.”

Ingimund replied that nothing less would suffice and went home to tell his foster father.

Ingjald responded, “That is a good plan, and I will provide Grim with another ship, and you both shall go together with foresight and caution. Beware of landing where there are overwhelming odds. It is more honorable to rise from humble beginnings than to start high and fall into disgrace.”

Then Ingimund and Grim prepared for their raiding expedition and conducted their Viking ventures well, avoiding places where they did not have the upper hand. By autumn, they had captured five ships, all well-equipped with weapons, men, and all the necessities for raiding. It quickly became evident that Ingimund was brave in his actions, a good man, reliable in battle and fierce, loyal to his friends and generous, steadfast in his loyalty, embodying the best qualities of a chieftain in the old ways.

He announced to Grim that he intended to return home to his father in the autumn and stay there for the winter with twenty men. And so they did.

It seemed to Thorstein that their stay was marked by some arrogance and not full caution.

Ingimund answered, “I do not see it that way, and you should not speak so. It is more proper that you request in return what you desire from the spoils, according to the custom of warriors, and use it in a way that brings honor. Now it is fitting for you to provide us with provisions with our resources.”

Thórdís said, “That is well spoken and noble, and your maternal grandfather would have done the same.”

Thorstein said, “I will do so, and it is boldly spoken.”

They stayed there through the winter until after Yule, enjoying good hospitality and cheer. Everyone thought highly of Ingimund, both for his demeanor and appearance. He was adept at all games and skills, gracious to those of lower status, and fierce and eager against his enemies.

After Yule, Ingimund spoke to his father, “Now we companions will go to my foster father and stay there for the rest of the winter, as he will appreciate our presence.”

Thorstein said, “I would rather that you stay with us this winter, kinsman.”

Ingimund said he had already made plans for the latter, and so they did. Ingjald received them exceptionally well, showing his eagerness, and they stayed there for the remainder of the winter. When spring arrived, Ingimund stated that he wanted to prepare for a raiding expedition, now better prepared than before. Ingjald agreed.

Then they embarked on their raiding expedition for another summer, acquiring significant wealth from plunderers and robbers who preyed on farmers or merchants. They conducted themselves well throughout the summer.

Ingimund said, “If there are no great challenges in our ventures, it is appropriate to conduct our raiding honorably.”

Everyone obeyed his commands.

When autumn approached, they arrived at the Sviasker. There, Vikings awaited them, and both sides prepared for battle, first fighting with missiles and stones. Neither side had an advantage, and many were wounded on both sides. Ingimund gained a good reputation that day, and those who served under him believed they served a good leader. As evening fell, there was a lull in the fighting.

Ingimund then said, “Let it not be said that we slackened just because this encounter was somewhat challenging.”

Then a man stood on one of the opposing ships. He was tall and valiant.

He said, “Who are these men who have fought against us today? It is customary to exchange words. We have no prior grievances that I am aware of.”

Ingimund answered, “If you ask about the leaders of our group, one is named Ingimund, and the other is Grim. Who are you?”

He replied, “My name is Saemund. I am the leader of this group, a man of Sogn by birth. I know of your kinsmen, and since we are fellow countrymen, it would be better for us to join forces than to fight. We have only good reports about you. Now we wish to propose a truce with you, not because we need to ask for peace due to a disparity in numbers.”

Ingimund replied, “We value this proposal and do not wish to dishonor it. We will not choose to pursue uncertain gain against you but will now accept your truce and friendship.”

They then established peace and a truce between them and continued together for the rest of the summer, gaining wealth and honor. They sailed through the Sogn Sea in the autumn. Saemund said they would part ways there and meet again the following summer in friendship. Ingimund agreed. Saemund headed into the fjord while Ingimund sailed north along the coast with many ships and much wealth. He went to his father with sixty men.

Grim said, “Do you not think, foster brother, that your father will find us ample guests?”

He replied that he believed it was not excessive. Thorstein went to meet his son and welcomed him warmly. Ingimund said he would do so.

Thorstein hosted them generously throughout the winter and expressed satisfaction at having such a son, saying he had seen in him the kins-qualities early on. “As I see your growth, you shall receive greater honor from me.”

Ingimund stayed there for the winter, and his esteem grew. The more he engaged in generosity and other noble deeds, the more plentiful his resources became.

When spring arrived, the foster brothers discussed their plans. Grim said he would not change his ways and would follow him. Then they embarked on another raiding expedition, and Saemund met them as agreed, and they all went together for the summer. They allied for three summers, raiding west of the sea, acquiring wealth and a good reputation. Ingimund led them in all matters of strategy, intelligence, and leadership, and their fellowship was notable in every respect. Ingimund spent the winters with his father. Thorstein believed he could never fully repay the honor due to his son Ingimund as he witnessed the man he was becoming.

8

Ingimund Offers His Support to King Harald

It is said that in the last summer when Ingimund and Saemund were together on an expedition, they returned with much more booty than before. At that time, news came from Norway that an army was gathering in the east at Jadar, and nearly all the land’s forces were divided into two camps. On one side was Harald, who was called Lufa [Messy-Hair], who was fighting against the local chieftains. The final battle before he won all the land for himself was fought at Hafrsfjord, as is widely mentioned in the sagas.

It was at this time that Ingimund and Saemund landed in Norway, as mentioned before, near where the armies had gathered.

Then Ingimund spoke: “Now it seems we are at the center of great events, for all the most powerful men in the land are involved in this, although I consider King Harald the most worthy. He is a man to my liking, and I want to offer him my support, for it seems wise to choose a side.”

Saemund replied that he would not risk his life for Harald’s sake, and he did not join the battle.

Ingimund responded: “You can see, foster brother, that the king’s power is great. Those who stand with him fare better than those who stand against him, in my opinion. He will surely reward well those who help him now with honor and loyalty. As for me, I cannot see what good will come if we do not act according to his wishes, and this will divide us.”

Then Saemund sailed away with his men into the sea of Sogn, while Ingimund sailed into Hafrsfjord and joined King Harald’s fleet. The most prominent leaders opposing King Harald were Thorir Haklang and Asbjorn Kjotvi. They had a considerable and unwavering force.

Ingimund approached the king’s ship and greeted him with these words: “Hail, hail, lord.”

The king replied: “You greet well, who are you?”

“I am Ingimund, son of Thorstein, and I am here to offer you my support. We believe it is better to aid you than those who oppose you. I have just returned from a campaign with several ships.”

The king responded favorably to his words and said that he had heard good things about Ingimund. “I would like your service to be rewarded, for I intend to bring all of Norway under my rule. There is a great difference between those who wish to serve me and those who, as I have heard, flee to join our enemies or return to their estates, as I have heard your companion Saemund has done. I call it true manliness to take action as you have.”

Ingimund replied that Saemund had many things given generously.

9

The Battle of Hafrsfjord

After this, war horns sounded throughout the entire army, and the men prepared themselves, each reaching for their gear. This was the greatest battle fought by King Harald. With him were Rognvald of Maeri and many other powerful chieftains, as well as the berserkers known as the Ulfhednar. These warriors wore wolfskins as armor and defended the prow of the king’s ship, while the king himself guarded the raised quarterdeck with the utmost distinction and bravery. There, one could see many mighty blows being exchanged.

Soon, many great events occurred in quick succession, with blows and spear thrusts, as well as fierce volleys of stones. Heavy casualties quickly followed on both sides. Ingimund fought valiantly alongside King Harald and earned a good reputation. The battle ended as it is widely known and celebrated: King Harald achieved a splendid victory and thereafter became the sole ruler of all of Norway. He rewarded all the chieftains who supported him, as well as others, with the utmost generosity.

He granted Rognvald the title of earl and said: “You have shown great courage in your loyalty to me. You have also lost your son for my sake, which cannot be repaid, but I can reward you with honors. First, you shall become an earl, and you shall also have the islands that lie west across the sea, called the Orkney Islands. You shall have them as compensation for your son. You shall also receive many other honors from me,” and the king fulfilled his promise.

Rognvald sent his son Hallath westward, but he could not hold the territory against the Vikings. Then he sent his son Torf-Einar, believing that he would be able to hold the land. He was the first earl of the Orkney Islands, and from him descended all the earls of Orkney, as their history tells.

King Harald granted many great fiefs to those who had supported him and valued those who had been with him or against him, giving each their due. But those who opposed him were either driven from the land, harmed, or killed so that none could gain any correction.

Then the king spoke to Ingimund: “You have shown me great friendship and increased your own renown. I will always be your friend, and your share will be three ships’ crews. Along with this, you shall have all the equipment of the Vikings you fought against. As a token that you were in Hafrsfjord, you shall receive as a gift the item that Asbjorn Kjotvi valued most. This is more a testament to this battle than it is of great wealth, but it is an honor to receive it from us. And when we have settled our kingdom, I will reward your support with invitations and gifts of friendship.”

Ingimund thanked the king for the gifts and kind words, and they parted on good terms. The king also said he would remember Saemund for his actions and treachery against him.

10

The Prophecy of the Seeress Finna

After the battle at Hafrsfjord, Ingimund soon met with Saemund and told him that his intuition about the encounter had not been far off: “I also know from the king’s words that it won’t be wise for you to remain here. I suggest you find a way to leave, as the king will surely keep his promises. For the sake of our friendship, I would rather spare you from harsher consequences. I think it would be wise for you to consider going to Iceland, as many noble men are now doing, since they do not feel secure under the rule of King Harald.”

Saemund replied: “You show your loyalty and friendship in this matter, as in all others, and I will take your advice.”

Ingimund encouraged him to do so, adding, “It would have been better if you had followed me into Hafrsfjord, so you wouldn’t have to go to this desolate skerry now.”

Saemund acknowledged that Ingimund had foreseen many things correctly. He then sold his lands in secret, prepared to leave, and thanked Ingimundr for his counsel, expressing continued friendship. Saemund then went to Iceland, arriving in Skagafjord. The land was still largely unclaimed. He followed the old custom of land-claiming by fire and took possession of an area now known as Saemundarhlid in Skagafjord, where he became a prominent man. His son was named Geirmund, and his daughter, Reginleif, married Thorodd Helmet. Their daughter was Hallbera, the mother of Gudmund the Mighty of Modruvellir and Einar of Thvera.

After the battle at Hafrsfjord, Ingimund returned to his father with great honor. Thorstein welcomed him warmly and praised him for making wise decisions, saying, “This is to be expected, as you are the grandson of Jarl Ingimund, a most noble man.”

Ingimund stayed there for the winter, and during that winter, Ingjald came to visit Thorstein, and there was much joy in their meeting.

Ingjald remarked that things had turned out as he had anticipated for Ingimund, saying, “I have now prepared a feast for you, my foster son, with all the provisions I could gather.”

Ingimund said he would attend. Ingjald then returned home and invited many men to the feast. When the time came, everyone who was invited attended.

At the feast, Ingjald performed a seiðr (a ritual of prophecy) according to the old customs, so that people could inquire about their fate. A seeress named Finna, skilled in magic, was brought there. Ingimund and Grim attended the feast with a large company. Finna was seated in a place of honor and treated with great respect. People came to her one by one from their seats, asking about their fate. She prophesied for each according to what she saw, though her predictions were met with varying levels of satisfaction. The foster brothers remained in their beds, showing no interest in her prophecies.

The seeress asked, “Why do these young men not inquire about their fate? They seem to me the most remarkable among those gathered here.”

Ingimund replied, “It is not for me to know my fate before it unfolds, and I do not believe my future is dependent on your words.”

She answered, “I will tell you, even without your asking. You will settle in a land called Iceland, which is still largely uninhabited. There, you will become a man of great respect and live to an old age. Many of your descendants will also become distinguished in that land.”

Ingimund responded, “It’s easy for you to say this, but I have resolved never to go to that place. I will not be a good trader if I sell my many fine lands only to move to such a desolate area.”

The seeress replied, “This will happen as I say, and to prove it, know that an item has disappeared from your pouch, the one King Harald gave you at Hafrsfjord. It is now in the place where you will settle, marked with an image of Freyr in silver. When you build your home, my prophecy will be confirmed.”

Ingimund answered, “If my foster father were not here, you would pay dearly for this with your head. But since I am neither violent nor quarrelsome, this matter will pass.”

The seeress replied, “There is no need to turn this into a matter of anger.” Ingimund told her she was ill-fated to have come. She replied that it would happen regardless of whether he liked it or not.

She continued, “Grim’s fate is also tied to that land, as is his brother Hromund’s. They will both become prosperous farmers.”

The next morning, Ingimund searched for the item and found it missing. This he took as a bad omen.

Ingjald urged him to be cheerful and not let this spoil his mood or diminish his joy, adding that many noble men now took pride in going to Iceland: “I meant only good by inviting the seeress here.”

Ingimund replied that he found no reason to thank him for this, “but our friendship will never falter.”

Ingimund then returned home to his father and stayed there through the winter. When spring came, he asked his foster brothers about their plans and what they thought.

Grim said he believed there was no use in resisting fate, “I intend to go to Iceland this summer, along with my brother. Many others, noble though they are, now find it honorable to go there. I’ve heard good things about the land—that livestock graze freely in winter, fish are abundant in every lake, the forests are vast, and there are no oppressive kings or tyrants.”

Ingimund replied, “I will not go there, and this will be the end of our companionship.”

Grim said, “So it may be, but it would not surprise me if we meet again in Iceland, for it is difficult to escape one’s fate.”

Ingimund said he would miss their companionship.

Grim and his brother Hromund sailed out that summer, arriving at Borgarfjord and settling at Hvanneyri. Grim claimed a large area of land for himself, which now has many farms within it. Hromund said he would seek the highlands and find his delight at the edges of the mountains. Grim said it was wise to have both the resources of the mountains and the sea. Hromund claimed Thverarhlith and was considered a man of distinction and good lineage, from whom Illugi the Black descended. Grim also became a man of good lineage, with many noble descendants, though they are not all named here.

11

The Death of Thorstein Ketilsson

That summer when the brothers, Grim and Hromund, went to Iceland, Ingimund stayed with his father. Thorstein, his father, was beginning to grow old.

One day, Thorstein said to Ingimund: “It is good to die now, knowing that I have a son who is such a fortunate man. I am most content with my life, knowing that I have never been an overbearing man towards others. It is also likely that my life will soon come to an end, as I now feel the onset of illness. Now, I want to make known to you, kinsman, the details of my wealth, though it does not surprise me that you will have to leave these ancestral lands, and I have no objections to that.”

Ingimund replied that he would take care to act according to his father’s instructions. Thorstein said that he believed Ingimund would be regarded as a great man wherever he chose to settle. Thorstein then gave him many instructions, and shortly afterward, he passed away. He was given a fitting burial in the old tradition. Ingimund took charge of the estate and all its possessions. He intended to settle down there and remained at peace.

12

Ingimund's Marriage and the Finns' Mission

King Harald Fairhair was now at peace and firmly established, more so than any other ancient king in the Nordic countries. He remembered the promises he had made to his friends and now held grand feasts for them with great honors.

He specifically invited Ingimund, and when he arrived, the king welcomed him warmly and said: “I hear many honorable things about you, but you still lack one thing—you are without a wife. However, I have thought of a match for you, considering that you risked your life for mine. The daughter of earl Thorir the Silent is named Vigdis. She is the fairest of women and comes with great wealth. I will arrange this marriage for you.”

Ingimund thanked the king and said he was eager for this marriage arrangement. The king hosted this ambitious feast with great splendor, and everyone went home afterward. Following this, Ingimund ordered preparations for a wedding to be made, and when everything was ready, King Harald and many other noblemen attended. Ingimund married Vigdis as had been arranged. The wedding was celebrated with the utmost respect. The king contributed greatly in gifts and other honors.

Ingimund then said to the king: “I am very content with my lot, and it is a great honor to receive your favor. But one thing troubles me—the prophecy the seeress made about my future. I do not want it to come true that I should leave my ancestral lands.”

The king replied: “I cannot prevent this unless it is for a purpose, and if Freyr wishes to see his honored seat established there, it must be so.”

Ingimund said he was curious to see whether he would find the object when his high-seat pillars were dug up: “It may well be that this is not without purpose. And it is no secret to you, my lord, that I intend to act according to the seeress’ who will show me the growth of the land and the lay of the land where I am meant to be. I plan to send them to Iceland.”

The king said he might do so, “but I suspect you will end up going there yourself, and the question is whether you will do so openly with my approval or secretly as many are now doing.”

“I will never go in defiance of your command,” said Ingimund.

After this, they parted. Ingimund returned home and continued to manage his estate. He sent for the Finns, and three of them came from the north.

Ingimund told them that he wanted to hire them: “I will give you butter and tin in exchange for carrying out my mission to Iceland to find my object and to report to me about the lay of the land.”

They answered: “It is a life threatening journey for young Saami men like us, but since you ask, we will try. Now, we need to be shut up together in a house, and no one must speak to us.”

And so it was done. After three nights had passed, Ingimund went to them.

They then got up and exhaled heavily, saying: “It is hard work for young Saami-men, and we have had a tough time of it. However, we can tell you enough that you will recognize the land if you come there based on our description. It was difficult for us to find the object, and the power of the Finn woman (Seeress) is strong, as we have subjected ourselves to great hardship. We came to a land where three fjords stretched out from the north, and there were large lakes beyond one of the fjords. Then we came to a deep valley, and in the valley under a mountain, there were some hills. There was a habitable dell, and in one of the hills was the object. But as we tried to take it, it moved to another hill, and whenever we pursued it, it kept slipping away, always shrouded by some kind of veil, so we could not reach it. You will have to go yourself.”

Ingimund said he would indeed go soon, for there was no point in resisting fate. He treated the Finns well, and they left. He then stayed quietly at his estate, wealthy and honorable.

Later, he met with the king and told him of his plans and intentions. The king said he was not surprised, saying, “It is hard to go against what is fated.”

Ingimund agreed, “and have I now turned every stone on my quest.”

The king replied: “Wherever you are, you will be a man of honor.”

The king then gave him a mark of honor as he had done before.

After this, Ingimund held a feast and invited his friends and prominent men with great generosity. At the feast, he called for silence and said: “I have made up my mind and plan to go to Iceland, more due to fate and the power of strong forces than my own desire. But those who wish to go with me are welcome to do so. Those who wish to stay behind are also free to do so, and our friendship remains the same no matter what you choose.”

There was much commotion at his words, and they said it was a great loss to see such a man leave, “but few things are stronger than fate.”

Many prepared to go with Ingimund, both farmers and free men who were held in high regard.

13

About Ingimund's Children

At this time, there was a great wave of migration to Iceland, and during this period, Vigdis gave birth to a child. It was a boy, who was very handsome. Ingimund looked at the boy and said: “This boy has an intelligent look in his eyes, and it is not necessary to search far for a name. He shall be called Thorstein, and I hope that good fortune will follow him.”

This boy grew up to be handsome and capable, well-mannered, articulate, with a far sight, loyal to his friends, and moderate in all things.

They had another son. This one was also brought to his father, and he was to choose a name.

He looked at the boy and said: “This boy is very powerful-looking and has sharp eyes. If he lives, he will be unmatched by many, not prone to quarrels, but loyal to friends and family. He will be a great champion if I see things rightly. There is no need to forget our kinsman Jokull, as my father asked me to remember, so he shall be named Jokull.”

He grew up to be a man of extraordinary size and strength. He was reserved, stern, difficult to deal with, hard-hearted, and brave in all things.

The third legitimate son of Ingimund was named Thorir. He was a handsome man, tall, and had a strong inclination towards trade. The fourth son was named Hogni, and the fifth was Smith, who was a son by a concubine. Thorstein was the wisest of all the brothers. Ingimund also had two daughters; one was named Thordis, after his mother, and the other was Jorunn.

There was a man named Jorund, who was the son of earl Thorir the Silent and the brother of Vigdis. He declared that he would go to Iceland with Ingimund, driven both by friendship and familial ties. Ingimund was pleased with this. There were also two men named Hvati and Asmund, who were Ingimund’s thralls. Other men included Fridmund, Thorir, Refkell, Ulfkell, and Bothvar. These men prepared for the journey to Iceland with Ingimund, and all of them were wealthy.

14

Ingimund's Arrival and Exploration of the Land

Now Ingimund set sail as soon as he was ready with his crew. They had a good voyage and came ashore west of Iceland, sailing into Borgarfjord and into Leiruvog. News of the ship’s arrival quickly spread.

Grim rode to the ship and warmly welcomed his foster brother, saying that he was greatly thankful for his arrival. “It happens now as it is said, that it is hard to avoid fate.”

Ingimund replied that this was true, “and nothing can be done about it, foster brother.”

Grim said, “It is my invitation that you come to my home with all your people, and take whatever you need from my resources, whether it be land or other wealth.”

Ingimund thanked him for the offer and said he would stay with him for the winter, “but since I have committed myself to this journey, I will eventually seek out the land that was destined for me.”

Ingimund went to Hvanneyri with his wife and sons, and his people settled all around. Grim hosted them generously and spared no effort to honor them throughout the winter. When spring came, Grim again offered all the help he could, whether it was land or other assistance.

Ingimund said that everything had gone as well as could be expected, “but I must head north, and we will need your help with transport and provisions.”

Grim agreed that this should be done. Hromund also did the same, for everyone welcomed Ingimund with the greatest respect.

That summer, Ingimund traveled north in search of land. He went up Nordurardal and came down into an empty fjord. One day, as they were traveling along this fjord, two sheep, which were rams, ran down from the mountain towards them.

Then Ingimund said, “It seems fitting that this fjord be called Hrutafjord.”

Later, they came to the fjord, and a thick fog set in. They arrived at a sandbank and found a large plank that had recently washed ashore.

Then Ingimund said, “It seems intended that we should name this place, and I think the name will stick. Let’s call this sandbank Bordeyri.”

As summer wore on, much needed to be done, and they traveled slowly. They came near winter to a valley that was full of willows.

Then Ingimund said, “This valley is heavily grown with willows. Let’s call it Vididal, and I think this will be a good place to spend the winter.”

They spent the winter there and built themselves a hut, which is now called Ingimundarholl.

Then Ingimund said, “The living may not be as good here as in Norway, but there’s no need to dwell on that. Many good men are still gathered here for fun, so let us enjoy ourselves as best we can.”

Everyone agreed enthusiastically. They spent the winter there, enjoying games and all kinds of entertainment.

15

Ingimund claims land in Vatnsdal

When spring arrived and the snow began to melt from the slopes, Ingimund said, “I am curious to see if some men would climb a high mountain and look around to see if the snow has receded more in other places, because it seems to me that we will not establish a settlement in this valley, and there are likely other options.”

So, some men climbed a tall mountain and from there could see far and wide.

They returned and told Ingimund that the mountains to the north were almost completely snow-free. “The land looks good, while here it seems like the same harsh weather persists where we are. We can see that the land up there offers much better prospects.”

Ingimund replied, “That seems promising, and we can expect to find some green pastures. So, let us prepare for this journey.”

They made preparations early in the spring, and as they approached the northern part of Vatnsdal [Water-Valley], Ingimund said, “The prophecy of the Finns will prove true, for I recognize the landscape from their description. This is where we were directed to go, and things are looking much better now. I can see a vast and promising land, and if its resources match its appearance, this might be a good place to settle.”

When they reached the Vatnsdalsa [Water-dale-river], Ingimund’s wife, Vigdis, said, “I must stop here for a while, as I feel unwell.”

Ingimund replied, “Let this be for good.”

Vigdis then gave birth to a baby girl, who was named Thordis.

Ingimund said, “This place shall be called Thordisarholt [Thordis’-Hillock].”

The group then continued up into the valley, where they found good land with abundant grass and forests. The scenery was beautiful, and the spirits of the men were lifted. Ingimund claimed all of Vatnsdal above Helgavatn [Holy-Lake] and Urtharvatn [Landslide-Lake]. Thordisarlaek [Thordis’-Stream] flows westward into Smidjuvatn [Forge-Lake]. Ingimund chose a dwelling place in a very beautiful small valley and began constructing a farmstead. He built a large temple a hundred feet long, and when he dug the holes for the high-seat pillars, he found the item that had been foretold to him.

Then Ingimund said, “It is true that one cannot fight against fate, but I will now put a good heart into this. This farmstead shall be called Hof [Temple].”

Ingimund’s men settled throughout the valley and established homes according to his advice.

That autumn, there was a lot of ice, and when the men walked on the ice, they found a bear with two cubs.

Ingimund was on that trip and said the lake should be called Hunavatn [Cub-Lake], “and the fjord that fills up with water from all around shall be called Vatnafjord [Lake-Fjord].”

After this, Ingimund returned home. He established a respectable farm and soon became the leader of Vatnsdal and the neighboring regions. He owned many livestock, including cattle, sheep, and other farm animals.

That same autumn, some of his sheep went missing, but were found in the woods in the spring. That place is now called Saudadal [Sheep-Valley]. This incident shows the richness of the land at that time, as the livestock were able to survive on their own outdoors.

It is also mentioned that some pigs went missing from Ingimund’s farm and were not found until the following autumn, by which time their number had grown to a hundred. They had become wild. A large and old boar accompanied them and was called Beigad. Ingimund gathered men to capture the pigs and said it was fitting to say that there were two heads on everything. They pursued the pigs and drove them toward a lake now called Svinavatn [Pig-Lake], intending to corral them there. But the boar swam across the lake and became so exhausted that his hooves fell off. He reached a hill, which is now called Beigadsholl [Beigad’s-Hill], and died there. Ingimund then settled contentedly in Vatnsdal. Many areas became inhabited, and laws and land rights were established.

16

Ingimund's voyage abroad and land claiming

After Ingimund had lived at Hof for some time, he announced his intention to travel abroad to acquire building timber, stating that he wished to settle his farm properly. He expected that King Harald would receive him well. Vigdis encouraged him, saying he was likely to succeed. Ingimund entrusted his wealth and livestock to men under Vigdis’s supervision. He took the bear skins with him on his journey. His voyage went smoothly, and he arrived in Norway. He inquired about King Harald’s whereabouts and found that the land was peaceful.

When he met King Harald, he was warmly welcomed. The king invited Ingimund to stay with him, which Ingimund accepted. He spent the winter there, and was treated with great honor.

The king asked Ingimund how he liked the land in Iceland.

Ingimund responded positively, “But my main purpose here is to acquire building timber.”

The king said, “That is well done. You are welcome to take whatever timber you need from our forests, and I will have it transported to your ship. You should not concern yourself with it and remain with me instead.”

Ingimund said, “Here, my lord, you can see the bear skins I acquired in Iceland, and I would like you to have them.”

The king replied, “I will gladly accept them and thank you for the gift.”

During the winter, they exchanged many gifts. When spring arrived, Ingimund’s ship was loaded with the cargo he had chosen, including the best timber available.

The king said, “Ingimund, I see that you may not plan to travel to Norway often in the future. You should take enough timber to last you, but one ship alone cannot carry it all. Now, look at these ships and choose whichever one you like.”

Ingimund said, “My lord, please choose one for me. That will be most fortunate.”

“So it shall be,” replied the king, “I know them best. Here is a ship called Stigandi, which we call the best of all ships for sailing, swift and fortunate. I choose this one for you. The ship is fine and not overly large.”

Ingimund thanked the king for the gift. He then left the king’s court with many parting gifts. He soon saw how fast the ship Stigandi was.

Then Ingimund said, “The king has chosen well for me; this ship deserves to be called Stigandi, for it skims the sea so smoothly.”

They arrived to Iceland, sailed north and then headed westwards—something no one had done before. Ingimund brought both ships into Hunavatn’s estuary and gave all the landmarks their names, which have remained since. The place where Stigandi was set ashore is still called Stigandahrof.

News of Ingimund’s return quickly spread, and everyone was pleased to hear of his homecoming. Ingimund had an excellent farm with abundant resources. He greatly improved his estate, as he now had ample supplies. He also gained chieftainship and leadership over many men.

Jorund Hals, who was one of the most prominent men to accompany Ingimund, claimed land under Ingimund’s guidance. He settled outside of Urdarvatn [Landslide-Lake] up to Mogilslaek and lived at Grund, outside of Jorundarfjall in Vatnsdal. He was a significant man, as his lineage suggested. His son was Mar, who lived at Marstadir in Vatnsdal, a respectable man. They grew up alongside Ingimund’s sons, and the valley became well-settled.

Hvati was another man who traveled with Ingimund. He claimed land from Mogilslaek to Gilja.

Asmund claimed land from Helgavatn out to Thingeyrasveit.

Saudadal lies east of Vatnsdal, and then there is Svinadal, where Svinavatn and Beigadsholl are located.

A man named Thorolf, also known as Heljarskinn [Hel-skin], claimed land in Forsaeludal. He was a contentious and unpopular man who caused much trouble and unrest in the region. He built a fort south of Fridmundara, near Vatnsdalsa, at a place where a promontory ran between a chasm and the river, with a large cliff in front. He was suspected of practicing human sacrifice and was the most disliked man in the entire valley.

Hvati’s farm was called Hvatastadir [Hvati’s-Place], and Asmund’s was called Gnup.

A man named Ottar lived in Grimstungum. He married Asdis, daughter of Olaf from Haukagil [Hawk-Gorge]. Their son was Hallfred the Troublesome Poet, and their daughter was Valgerd, a proud and beautiful woman.

17

Ingimund takes the sword from Hrafn the Steersman

Time passed, and Ingimund grew somewhat older, though he continued to manage his household with the same vigor as before. No mention is here made of him getting involved in significant disputes at the assemblies, as he was well-liked by most and avoided conflict. The people in the area were of good character, and Ingimund enjoyed the greatest respect due to his generosity, dignity, and wisdom. His sons grew up, and all were promising, as mentioned before.

One summer, a ship arrived at the mouth of the Hunavatnsa [Cub-Lake-River], owned by Nordic men. The steersman was named Hrafn. He was a untalkative man, large, difficult to deal with, and full of self-importance. He had spent a long time as a Viking and was well-equipped with weapons and fine clothing.

Ingimund was accustomed to being the first to approach a ship and take whatever goods he found desirable. He did so again this time, meeting with the steersman and inviting him to stay with him if he wished. Hrafn agreed, and he went home with Ingimund. However, Hrafn kept to his own habits and was very solitary. Ingimund had hosted many others who had been more to his liking, as Hrafn was neither cooperative nor pleasant.

Hrafn usually carried a fine sword, and Ingimund often cast his eyes upon it. One day, he asked to see the sword. Hrafn said it was possible, and Ingimund took the sword and drew it from its sheath. He admired it greatly and asked if Hrafn would sell it. Hrafn said he was not in such need for money that he would sell a weapon from his hand, but he added that the farmer should consider the value of the hospitality he had received and mentioned that he had been in situations where weapons were necessary and might still be again.

Ingimund was greatly angered, feeling insulted, and sought a way to remedy the situation.

One day, as he was going to his temple, he arranged for the Eastman to accompany him. Ingimund spoke kindly to him, discussing things he knew were of interest to Hrafn. Usually he wanted to speak about his Viking expeditions and raids. Ingimund entered the temple first, but before long, Hrafn rushed into the temple with the sword in hand.

Ingimund turned to him and said, “It is not our custom to bring weapons into the temple. You will feel the gods’ wrath unless you make amends.”

Hrafn responded, “You have long had authority here and have set the rules. If I have broken your laws, I expect you to judge this matter, as you are considered a just man.”

Ingimund replied that the best way to make amends would be to honor the gods, and that it would be most effective if Hrafn did not act entirely of his own will. He suggested that it would be best if Hrafn handed him the sword so that he could use it to appease the gods’ anger.

Hrafn said that Ingimund had already taken much from him, and he doubted that this would be any better. “But you will handle this with greater honor than I would.”

That summer, Hrafn left, and this is the end of his story. Ingimund and his descendants kept the sword, which they called Aettartangi [Ancestral-blade].

There was a man named Eyvind, known as Sorkvir, who had come to Iceland with Ingimund. One summer, he and Thororm traveled abroad. They were friends. Ingimund lent them the ship Stigandi, saying he was curious to see how it would fare even though he wasn’t going himself. Ingimund was friendly with all good men. They returned the following summer to the Blonduarosi [Blanda-River-Estuary], reporting to Ingimund that no finer ship could be found. They had made an excellent trading voyage. Eyvind settled in Blondudal, and Gaut in Gautsdal.

18

Of Hrolleif and Ljot

There was a man named Hrolleif, known as “the Great.” He arrived in Hvita [White-River] with his mother, Ljot. Ljot was not well-regarded for her temperament; she was solitary, which was unsurprising as she did not resemble many good people. Her son Hrolleif was very much like her in character. Hrolleif was the nephew of Saemund, Ingimund’s foster brother. They went to meet him in Skagafjord and revealed their identities, claiming kinship with him.

Saemund replied, saying he could not deny his kinship with Hrolleif “but I suspect you have gotten a worse mother than a father, and I fear much that you are more like her kin than your father’s.”

Hrolleif remarked that other things were of more use than ill-guessing. Saemund agreed to provide them shelter for the winter. Hrolleif was the strongest of men and often used his strength poorly, particularly against those weaker than himself. He was a bully, overbearing, and repaid good with evil, influenced by his mother’s counsel. He clashed with Geirmund, Saemund’s son, both in games and other matters, causing a growing enmity between the cousins.

One day, Geirmund spoke to his father: “This kinsman of ours repays his hospitality with what he finds sufficient, but others would find appalling, which consists of harsh words and cruel treatment. Some have suffered broken bones or other injuries from him, and no one dares to speak up.”

Saemund acknowledged that Hrolleif was repaying their hospitality poorly, “and this cannot be tolerated any longer.”

Hrolleif said it was shameful to fuss over small things and neglect one’s kin: “I certainly won’t stand for beggars kicking me in the face.”

Saemund responded, “You may say that, but it is clear that you have inherited more of your mother Ljot’s temperament than that of our other kinsmen, just as I feared. I have found a suitable piece of land for you on the Hofthastrond, outside Hofthi, near Unadal. My advice is that you should show restraint toward those living near you, such as Thord in Hofthi and Uni in Unadal, or others in the area, and ask for permission to settle there.”

Hrolleif replied that he had no intention of bowing himself to them.

Hrolleif and his mother went to the valley and settled there, and it has since been called Hrolleifsdal. They did not make friends with others, instead making threats and harsh demands, and treated their neighbors with disdain in all matters. People soon began to hate them, and Saemund regretted sending such trouble to them. Initially, people were reluctant to speak against Hrolleif because he was Saemund’s kinsman. However, as they got to know his nature, they wished they could drive him and his mother away and that they had never come.

Uni was a wealthy man with a son named Odd. Odd was a promising young man. Uni also had a daughter named Hrodny. She was a beautiful and hardworking woman.

Hrolleif soon went to meet Uni and said it could not be cheerful or merry in this tiny valley, even with what people have for entertainment: “Now I think it would be a good match,” he said, “if we made a marriage alliance between us, and I took your daughter as my wife. It might improve our fortunes.”

Uni replied that Hrolleif did not have the temperament to deserve a good woman, “and you have not shown otherwise. My daughter is not an unfortunate woman, and I will refuse your proposal.”

Hrolleif said he was making an unwise decision, “and she will then be my concubine, and that is good enough for her.”

After this, Hrolleif began to visit frequently to talk with Hrodny. This went on for a while, despite her kinsmen’s disapproval.

19

Hrolleif Kills Odd, the Son of Uni

Once, when Hrolleif was preparing to go back home, Uni spoke to his son Odd: “It does not seem wise for us to do nothing about this man’s visits. We took more risks when we were younger, like when I fought Kolbein and came out on top, and he was a powerful chieftain and influential man. But now, this man comes alone and seeks to dishonor us.”

Odd replied, “It’s not easy to deal with that brute, especially with the witchcraft of his mother. People say he has a coat that weapons cannot pierce. I will confront Hrolleif first.”

And so he did. They met up on the mountain between the valleys.

Odd said, “You frequently walk this path, but it would be better if you didn’t come so often.”

Hrolleif responded, “Since I was nine years old, I have always had the freedom to go wherever I wished, and that will continue. I won’t take your words into account, and I don’t see any obstacle in my path, even if you’re lingering on it.”

Odd replied that it might be possible to give a better response.

Hrolleif returned home and told his mother that he would now take a thrall off their work and have him accompany him on his walks between the farms, “because they are beginning to show their hostility toward me.”

Ljot responded, saying that the thrall had no more important work than to follow him, “and don’t worry about the noises from these small farmers. Put on your coat whenever you wish and see how it holds up.”

Then Odd met his father and said that he wanted to meet with Saemund and inform him of the situation. Uni said he didn’t like any of these delays.

Odd went to see Saemund and said, “An evil guest has come to us through your sending, namely, your kinsman Hrolleif. We have suffered much dishonor because of him, but we dare not act against him because he is your kin.”

Saemund replied that this came as no surprise to him, “and it wouldn’t be a bad thing if such men were dealt with.”

Odd said he doubted that Saemund would think the same if it were done, “but this is a man who seeks to harm everyone, the people hold you in high enough regard, so they refrain from taking action.”

Odd returned home.

Uni said, “It seems to me that Hrolleif won’t stop his comings and goings. I think it falls to you, Odd, because you are young and capable of many things, while I am weaker because of my age. Now, although he is a hard man and his mother is skilled in witchcraft, we cannot let things remain as they are.”

Odd replied that he would attempt it.

One evening, Odd prepared an ambush with four others against Hrolleif. They were two together, and as the two approached, Odd sprang up and said, “Now your journey may be halted for a time, Hrolleif. It could be that your wickedness will now be bound and tangled around your feet.”

Hrolleif replied, “It’s still unclear who will have the last laugh when we part, even though you are more numerous than I. I don’t mind if someone bleeds tonight.”

Then they rushed at each other and fought. Hrolleif was a hard man and skilled in using his strength. He also wore a coat that his mother had made for him, which iron weapons could not penetrate.

Now there is this to be said, that Odd killed Ljot, Hrolleif’s companion, then he turned to face Hrolleif and said, “Weapons don’t seem to harm you, Hrolleif, you are evil in many ways, both as a sorcerer and as a wicked man.”

Odd then struck at Hrolleif’s foot, hitting where the coat did not protect.

Odd said, “Your enchanted coat didn’t save you this time.”

Hrolleif then struck Odd and gave him a fatal wound, killing another man as well, but the three others fled.

It was late in the evening when this happened above Uni’s farm. Hrolleif returned home and told his mother that things had gone badly for those who had opposed him. She was pleased, saying that no farmers or their sons could control his movements, those who had exchanged harsh words with him.

Hrolleif said he had now repaid Odd for tormenting him the most, “calling me unequal to capable men, but I foretold that this would end with his dishonor after meeting with me, as has now come to pass.”

20

Ingimund Receives Hrolleif

Uni went to visit Thord of Hofdi and told him about the trouble he was having after the killing of his son Odd. “I want your support to bring my case to justice. It also greatly concerns your own honor that troublemakers should not arise here in the district.”

Thord agreed, saying, “You speak the truth, and this is indeed a great problem for us. However, it is Saemund who is most obliged to deal with the misdeeds of his kinsman and to remove him from the district.”

They then went to meet Saemund and asked him to set things right, explaining that nothing else would suffice. Saemund said it would be done. Hrolleif’s settlement was then broken up, and he and his mother went to Saemund, while others took over their farm. At a reconciliation meeting in the spring, it was decided that Uni would take over Hrolleif’s land as compensation, and Hrolleif was declared outlawed throughout the region, as far as the waters flow to Skagafjord.

Saemund now recalled his old friendship with Ingimund.

When they met, Saemund said, “It has come to this, foster-brother, that a man has come to stay with me who is not easy to deal with, but he is my kinsman and his name is Hrolleif. Now I would like you to take him in, along with his mother, and find a place for them in your household.”

Ingimund replied, “They do not have a good reputation, and I am reluctant to take them in. However, you might see it as an obligation and think it unworthy of me to refuse. It is also not entirely convenient, as I have sons who are not all mild-tempered.”

Saemund responded by saying that he had plenty of fortune and that most people would benefit from it. Ingimund decided to see how things would turn out if he took them in. After that, Hrolleif and his mother Ljot went to live with Ingimund, though they were held in low esteem.

21

Hrolleif and Ljot Settle at As

Hrolleif and his mother stayed with Ingimund for two or three winters. They didn’t change their behavior toward Ingimund’s sons as they had with others, and the sons didn’t take it well, especially Jokull. They engaged in so many intense and rough contests that injuries were common, and Jokull complained that Saemund’s decision to send them was bad. “But it’s bearable,” he said, “as long as it doesn’t get worse,” and he said that this troublemaker would never get the better of them.

There was no difference in their size and strength, as both were extremely strong.

Ingimund said, “You’re doing wrong, Hrolleif, by not controlling your temper and repaying good with good. I can see that this can’t continue, so I’ll find you a place to live over in As.”

Hrolleif replied that he didn’t find this unkind, “and it’s certainly better than staying here with your ill-tempered sons.”

“It saddens me to send you away,” said Ingimund, “because I’ve never done that to anyone I’ve taken in.”

Thorstein remarked that it might turn out worse later.

Ingimund set up a farm for Hrolleif and his mother Ljot at As, and they lived there for a long time. Hrolleif considered himself equal in every way to Ingimund’s sons.

Around this time, two brothers arrived from abroad. One was named Hallorm and the other Thororm, and they were wealthy men. They stayed with Ingimund for the winter. Hallorm expressed his desire to marry Ingimund’s daughter Thordis. He was warmly received. Ingimund noted that Hallorm was a strong match because of his wealth, and she was married to him. Her dowry included land at Karnsnes. Their son was named Thorgrim. Thororm settled in the lower part of Tunga in Vatnsdal, which later came to be called Thorormstunga.

22

Hrolleif Kills Ingimund

It is said that there was great fishing in the Vatnsdal River, both for salmon and other fish. Ingimund’s sons, the brothers, divided the work among themselves, for it was customary for the children of wealthy men at that time to engage in some occupation. The four brothers, Thorstein, Jokull, Thorir, and Hogni, took part in this, while Smithur attended to other matters. The brothers went to the river and caught a great amount.

Hrolleif kept up his usual habits. He was a source of trouble to all those around him. It had not been the advice of friends that Ingimund had ever taken him in. Ingimund’s sons were greatly displeased that Hrolleif lived off their resources while only repaying them with malice, and they said it had been a great misfortune for their father to have taken him in. The men of Hof and Hrolleif shared the fishing rights. But it was agreed that Hrolleif would only have the catch if Ingimund’s sons or their men did not come, but he paid no attention to this as he valued his own desires and injustice more than what was right.

One time, when Ingimund’s farmhands came to the river, they told Hrolleif that he should clear the fishing grounds for them. Hrolleif said he would not pay any heed to what slaves said. They replied that it would be better for him not to compete with the men of Hof and that it would not end well for him if he managed to get his way with others. Hrolleif told them to get lost, calling them wretched slaves and telling them not to get in the way of men. He drove them off rudely and violently.

They said, “You are doing wrong by treating Ingimund so poorly after he took you in, gave you both a farm and the fishing rights and much else that is good when you were previously deemed unfit to be among capable men.”

Hrolleif replied that he was not obliged to leave the river for evil slaves, and he threw a stone at one of them, knocking him unconscious, and told the others they had no right to be so talkative.

The men returned home while others were still seated at the tables. They came in drenched. Ingimund asked why they were in such a state. They said they had been driven away from the river with injuries and harsh words by Hrolleif.

Jokull replied, “He must want to become the chieftain of Vatnsdal and deal with us as he has with others, but that will never happen while I live that this devil of a man oppresses us.”

Thorstein said it was too bold an act but that it would be best to approach the matter with restraint, “and it was a mistake to ever take in Hrolleif.”

“It has gone too far,” said Ingimund, “but do your best to make peace with him, as you have more to lose by not defending your honor. He is a formidable man, and it is likely that evil will come of this.”

Jokull declared that he would test whether Hrolleif would leave the river, and he jumped up from the table and went outside.

Ingimund said, “Thorstein, my kinsman, I trust you the most to handle this with restraint, so go with your brothers.”

Thorstein said he wasn’t sure how easy it would be to control Jokull, “but I will not stand by if he fights with Hrolleif.”

When they reached the river, they saw Hrolleif in the river fishing.

Jokull said, “Get out of the river, you fiend, and don’t dare to challenge us, or we’ll settle this once and for all.”

Hrolleif replied, “Even though you are three or four, I will continue my work, despite your threats.”

Jokull said, “Your wickedness relies on your mother’s trollish ways if you think you can defend the fishing rights against all of us alone.”

Jokull then rushed into the river towards him, but Hrolleif did not leave.

Thorstein said, “Stop your stubbornness, Hrolleif, or it will end badly for you if we cannot get our due from you. It might be that others will pay as well. And it’s no good that you trample over people with your injustices.”

Jokull then said, “Let’s kill this man-fiend.”

Then Hrolleif moved toward the shore where there were stones and began throwing them at them while they threw and shot back across the river, but Hrolleif was not injured. Jokul wanted to attack him from another place across the river and said it would be a disgrace if they did not defeat him.

Thorstein said, “My advice is to turn back here and take our chances rather than face that mother and son, as I think she is not far off, and it seems like men are testing themselves against skilled men when we are dealing with their sorcery.”

Jokull said he would never care about that and continued to approach, while his brothers threw and shot at Hrolleif.

Now a man came running home to Hof and told Ingimund that things were getting out of hand, and they were fighting across the river, “and your tenant is outnumbered.”

Ingimund said, “Prepare my horse; I want to ride out.”

He was old and nearly blind. He had also relinquished all control of property and the farm. A young man was given to accompany him. Ingimund wore a blue cloak. The young man led the horse under him. And when they came to the riverbank, his sons saw him.

Thorstein said, “Our father has arrived; let us withdraw and he will think we are obeying his wishes, but I am afraid for his coming,” and he asked Jokull to restrain himself.

Ingimund rode into the river and said, “Get out of the river, Hrolleif, and consider what is fitting for you.”

And when Hrolleif saw him, he threw a spear at him, hitting him in the middle.

When Ingimund received the blow, he rode back to the bank and said, “You boy, lead me home.”

He did not meet his sons. And when they came home, it was late in the evening.

When Ingimund was about to dismount, he said, “I am stiff now, and we old men are weak on our feet.”

And when the boy took hold of him, the wound made a sound. The boy then saw that the spear was sticking through him.

Ingimund said, “You have been loyal to me for a long time. Now do as I ask you. It is unlikely that I will ask you for much more after this. Go now and tell Hrolleif that before morning comes, I suspect my sons will feel compelled to seek revenge for their father where he is, and he should take care to leave before daybreak. I will not feel better avenged if he dies, but it befits me to protect the one I have previously taken in, while I can still speak, whatever may happen later.”

He broke the spear shaft and went inside with the help of the boy and sat in his high seat and asked him not to make a light before his sons came home.

The boy came to the river and saw many salmon that Hrolleif had caught.

The boy said, “It is truly said that you are a great man-dog. You have done what will never be compensated for—you have killed Ingimund the farmer—and he asked me to tell you not to wait here until morning, as he thought his sons would come to seek revenge for their father against you. I did this more at his request than out of concern that you should escape the axes of those brothers.”

Hrolleif replied, “I believe what you say, but you would not leave here unharmed if you had not brought this news.”

23

Concerning Ingimund's Sons, Eyvind, and Gauti

Now it is told about Ingimund’s sons that they went home in the evening and spoke among themselves that Hrolleif was an extreme example of a man.

Thorstein said, “Yet we do not know clearly how much harm we have suffered from him, and I have a heavy heart about our father’s journey.”

They came home, and Thorstein entered the hall and stumbled as he went in, then said, “Why is it wet here, housewife?”

She replied, “I think that it must have run from the clothes of Ingimund, the farmer.”

Thorstein responded, “This is as slippery as blood. Light a candle quickly.”

And so it was done.

Then Ingimund was found sitting in his high seat, and he was dead. The spear was still stuck through him.

Jokull said, “It is terrible to know that such an honorable man was slain by such a wicked person. Let us go at once and kill him.”

Thorstein replied, “You do not understand our father’s goodwill if he has not granted him protection. Where is the servant who accompanied him?”

Now the servant was nowhere to be seen.

Thorstein said, “I do not expect Hrolleif to be at home now, and we must deal with him with cunning, not by attacking. But we can take comfort in the fact that there is a great difference between Hrolleif and my father, who will be rewarded by the one who created the sun and the whole world, whoever that may be. But it is clear that someone must have done it.”

Jokull was so enraged that they could barely restrain him. At that moment, the servant came in and delivered his message. Jokull said that it was unnecessary.

Thorstein replied, “He cannot be blamed, for he did what our father wanted.”

Ingimund was laid in the boat from the ship Stigandi and respectfully arranged, as was the custom for noble men. This news spread far and wide and was considered to be serious and tragic.

Thorstein said to his brothers, “It seems right to me that we should not take our father’s seat at home or at gatherings until he is avenged.”

And so they did, and they seldom attended games or social events.

When Eyvind Sorkvir heard of this, he said to his foster son, “Go and tell Gauti, my friend, what I am about to do, and I think it would be fitting for him as well.”

Then he drew a knife from under his cloak, let it fall upon himself, and so died.

When Gauti heard this, he said, “Ingimund’s friends cannot live, and I will follow the good example of my friend Eyvind.” He drew a knife against his chest and killed himself.

Hermund was Eyvind’s son, and Hromund the Lame, who will be mentioned later.

24

Hrolleif Seeks Refuge with Geirmund

Let’s pause for now and say something about Hrolleif. He met with his mother and told her the news. She replied that no one can escape their destined day, and that Ingimund had lived a long life.

“It is my advice,” she said, “that you leave at once, for blood nights are swiftest. Return here when it seems most likely that something will come of my plan. But I can’t tell which will be more effective—Thorstein’s wisdom and fortune, or my schemes.”

Hrolleif then traveled north to Skagafjord and arrived in Saemundarhlith. By then, Saemund was dead, and Geirmund was in charge of the property. His brother was named Arnald. Geirmund asked for news, and Hrolleif said that Ingimund, the farmer of Hof, had been killed.

Geirmund replied, “There goes a good man. What was the cause of his death?”

Hrolleif answered, “He was subjected to mockery,” then he recounted the incident.

Geirmund responded, “I see that you are a truly cursed man. Get away from here, you wretched scoundrel, and never come back.”

Hrolleif said he would not leave. “I will stay here and be killed, bringing disgrace upon you. I still remember that my father fell in battle alongside your father and Ingimund, and this is how you repay us.”

Geirmund replied that it was the fate of worthy men to fall in battle, “and I will hand you over as soon as Ingimund’s sons arrive.”

Hrolleif replied that he expected as much, or even worse. He stayed there in hiding in a storeroom.

Ingimund’s sons remained home through the winter, sitting on the lesser benches, avoiding games and assemblies, and were generally in low spirits.

As summer approached, Thorstein called his brothers to a meeting and said, “I think we all feel the same way, that it is time to seek vengeance for our father, though it won’t be an easy task. It seems to me that whoever takes the lead in this endeavor should choose one prized possession from our estate.”

They agreed to this and said, “You are the best suited for this, because of your wisdom.”

25

Ingimund's Sons Meet with Geirmund

One morning, Thorstein was up early and said to his brothers, “Now we shall prepare to travel north, no matter what obstacles come our way.”

There were five brothers altogether, with no other men accompanying them. They arrived in the evening at Geirmund’s place, where he received them warmly, and they spent the night there, treated with great hospitality.

The next morning, Thorstein said to his brothers, “Today, you brothers should play a game, while I speak with Geirmund.”

They agreed to this.

Thorstein then spoke to Geirmund: “The reason we brothers are here is that we are seeking Hrolleif, who we believe is staying with you. You owe it to us to assist, as you were the one who sent that scoundrel to our father, causing such great harm, even if it was not your intention. He has no good relatives other than you.”

Geirmund replied, “All of this is true, and you have wisely pursued this matter. But Hrolleif is not here now.”

Thorsteinn said, “I believe it more likely that he is hiding in your outhouse. Now take this hundred pieces of silver and send him away. I will ensure that he is not captured while under your protection, so that you are not blamed for it. However, we will continue to pursue him, even if our father is not to be avenged. Tell him that you do feel incapable of shielding him from us and suffer our enmity, and you would rather have our friendship.”

Geirmund replied, “Indeed, it is true that he is here, and let that be known to anyone who cares. I will do as you advise and tell him to leave. You can then continue your search once he is no longer with me.”

“That will do,” said Thorstein.

Geirmund then met with Hrolleif and said, “Ingimund’s sons are here now and are looking for you. You cannot stay here with me any longer because I don’t want to risk my life or wealth for your bad deeds. Those brothers are both cunning and determined.”

Hrolleif responded, “I expected you to be treacherous, and you have my deepest disdain for your lack of help.”

Geirmund said, “Get out quickly.”

Afterward, Geirmund met with Thorstein again and said, “I think it would be best if you don’t rush into anything and stay here for the day.”

Thorstein agreed. They prepared to leave the next day and traveled westward across the ridges, where there had been warm winds and they saw tracks in the snow.

Then Thorstein said, “Now let us sit down, and I will tell you about my conversation with Geirmund. I realized that Hrolleif was indeed there.”

Jokull replied, “You are a strange man—you wanted to sit still while your father’s killer was right there beside you. If I had known, there would have been no peace.”

Thorstein said that there was no reason to despair, “but it is better to avoid making Geirmund a clear accomplice in this. Now let us travel as far as we can each day and see if we can reach the west before him. For his tracks will surely lead home, and now his mother, Ljot, will be preparing for her sacrifices against summer as she usually does according to their customs. If the sacrifices are completed before we act, the vengeance may not come to pass.”

Jokull said, “Then let’s hurry.”

He then took the lead on the path ahead of the others.

He looked back and said, “Woe to those who are small and slow like my brother Thorstein, now we may lose our chance for revenge because we are getting nowhere.”

Thorstein replied, “It remains to be seen if my planning and strategies are worth less than your reckless charges.”

Late in the evening, they came down to the farmstead at Hof, where people were sitting at the tables.

26

The Killing of Hrolleif and Ljot

Thorstein met his shepherd outside and said, “Go to As, knock on the door, and take note of how quickly it is answered. Recite a verse while you wait. Your excuse for being there is to inquire about the sheep. If you are asked whether we have returned home, say that we have not.”

The shepherd went to As, knocked on the door, and before anyone answered, he had already recited twelve verses. Then a servant came out and asked for news or if the brothers had returned home. The shepherd said they had not returned and inquired about his sheep. The servant replied that the sheep had not arrived there. The shepherd then went back and reported to Thorstein how many verses he had recited.

Thorstein remarked, “You must have stood outside long enough for much to happen inside during that time. Did you manage to get inside?”

The shepherd said he had entered and looked around.

Thorstein asked, “Was there a bright fire on the hearth or not?”

He replied, “It looked like it had been lit only a short time ago.”

Thorstein said, “Did you notice anything unusual in the house?”

The shepherd said he saw a large heap with red cloth sticking out from it.

Thorstein remarked, “That must have been Hrolleif and his sacrificial garments that you saw. Now we must search the place. Let’s prepare quickly and be ready for anything.”

They set out and arrived at As, where there was no one outside. They saw wood stacked against the walls on both sides of the gable. They noticed a small building standing near the doors with an opening between it and the main entrance.

Thorstein said, “This must be the sacrificial house, where Hrolleif intends to hide once Ljot has completed her rituals and all her enmity. But I care little for that. Now, you brothers should hide near the buildings while I will sit above the doorway with a stick in hand. If Hrolleif comes out, I’ll throw the stick to you, and you should run to me.”

Jokull said, “It’s clear, brother, that you want to take all the credit for this, just like with everything else. But I won’t allow it this time. I will hold the stick.”

Thorstein replied, “You’ll do as you wish, even though I think you’re headed for some disaster.”

Jokull sat down on the woodpile, and soon after, a man came out, peeking around the door, not seeing the men who had arrived. Then a second and third man came out, the latter being Hrolleif. Jokull recognized him immediately and reacted with force, causing the woodpile to collapse. Despite this, he managed to throw the stick to his brothers and jumped down from the building, grabbing Hrolleif so he couldn’t escape. There was no difference in their strength, and both rolled down the slope, ending up in different positions on the ground.

When the brothers arrived, Hogni said, “What in the devil is happening here? I don’t understand what’s going on.”

Thorstein replied, “It’s Ljot the hag, and she has disguised herself.”

She had pulled her clothes over her head, moving backward with her head between her legs. Her gaze was monstrous and terrifying as she glared at them in a trollish manner.

Thorstein said to Jokull, “Kill Hrolleif now; you’ve been eager to do this for a long time.”

Jokull answered, “I’m ready for it now.”

He then struck off Hrolleif’s head and cursed him, saying he should never rest in peace.

“Yes, yes,” said Ljot, “I almost managed to avenge my son Hrolleif, but you, sons of Ingimund, are truly blessed with good fortune.”

Thorstein replied, “What makes you say that?”

She said she had intended to turn the whole landscape upside down, “but you all went mad and would have been turned into geldings out in the wilderness among wild beasts. And it would have happened too, if you hadn’t seen me before I saw you.”

Thorstein replied that he expected their luck to turn out differently.

After that, Ljot the hag died from her fury and witchcraft, and this is the end of their story.

27

The Sons of Ingimund Divide Their Inheritance

After the killing of Hrolleif and Ljot, the brothers returned home, where they were warmly welcomed by everyone.

Sometime later, Thorstein spoke to his brothers: “Now I believe it’s time for me to choose one of the valuable properties from our estate.”

They agreed.

“Then I choose the farm at Hof and the land that comes with it.”

They said that this was hardly just one item and thought it was quite bold of him to ask.

Thorstein responded, “The land and the farm shouldn’t be separated. And even if you think this is somewhat bold, consider that our honor will be greatest if we remain united, and besides, I see to most of our affairs. There are other valuable items here as well, and I wish you all the best with them.”

They then proceeded with the division. Hogni received the ship Stigandi because he was a seafarer. Thorir Hafurstho received the chieftaincy, and Jokull received the Aettartangi. He carried the sword to sporting events and horse gatherings, while Thorstein bore it at the assembly and legal meetings because Jokull wanted it that way. Thorir also said, despite holding the chieftaincy, that he wanted Thorstein to have the greatest honor in all legal matters.

Thorstein said, “It’s clear to me that you, my brothers, seek to bring me honor in all things. Even though I have chosen the farm, I still wish to share wealth with you. Now I think it’s time we take our seats in our father’s high seat.”

And so they did.

Thorstein became the leader of the Vatnsdal people, Vestrhop, and all the districts that his father Ingimund had ruled. Thorstein married a woman named Gytha, the daughter of Solmund Gudmund’s son. He was the father of Viga-Barthi. It was considered an honor to be connected to the Vatnsdal family. Jokull lived at Tunga, Smith at Smith’s-stadir, and Thorir Hafurstho at Nautabu, which is now called Undunfell.

28

About Thorolf Sleggja and his fate

Now the story turns to a man named Thorolf Sleggja [Sledgehammer.] He became a great troublemaker, known for being both a thief and a person prone to extreme violence. People found it unbearable to live near him, as there was no evil they wouldn’t expect from him. Although he didn’t have many people around him, he had something he relied on for protection: twenty cats. These cats were unusually large, all black, and very fierce.

People went to Thorstein and told him of their troubles, urging him to take charge of the local governance. They said Thorolf had stolen from many and committed other inhumane acts.

Thorstein acknowledged that they spoke the truth. “But it is no easy task to deal with this brute and his cats, and I hesitate to put my men at risk.”

They said he could hardly maintain his honor if nothing was done.

After this, Thorstein gathered men and aimed to rely on strength of numbers. All his brothers and his Eastern companion joined him. They went to Sleggjustadir. Thorolf paid them no mind, as he could never attract good men to his side.

When he saw the approaching riders, he went inside and said, “Now it’s time to receive guests, and I plan to use my cats for that. I will set them all at the door, and it will be hard for anyone to get in if they guard the entrance.”

He then riled up the cats, who became extremely menacing with their growling and glaring.

Jokull said to Thorstein, “It was a good decision to not let this wretched man sit undisturbed any longer.”

They were eighteen men in total.

Thorolf said, “Now I shall make a fire, and I don’t care if it gets smoky, because the arrival of the Vatnsdal people is not going to be peaceful.”

He placed a kettle over the fire, added wool and all sorts of materials, filling the house with smoke.

Thorstein approached the door and said, “We demand you come out, Thorolf.”

Thorolf replied that he expected their purpose was not friendly. The cats immediately began growling and making a terrible noise.

Thorstein said, “This is a foul crew.”

Jokull responded, “Let’s go in and not worry about these cats.”

Thorstein replied, “We shouldn’t do that. Because it’s more likely we won’t keep our men unharmed with all of Thorolf’s cats and weapons. He’s a formidable man, and I’d prefer if he surrendered and came out, as he has more material to keep the fire going to shield him inside.”

Thorolf lifted the kettle off the fire and set it on the wool heap, sending out such a stench that Thorstein and his men couldn’t stay near the door.

Thorstein then said, “Watch out for the cats so they don’t maul you, and let’s throw the fire up at the house.”

Jokull grabbed a large burning log and threw it at the door, causing the cats to retreat, and the door flung open. The wind blew on to the houses, and the fire began to spread.

Thorstein said, “Let’s stand outside by the wall where the smoke is thickest and see what he does next, because he has more material for fire making, so that it will last him a long while.”

Thorstein was watchful and saw Thorolf run out with two chests full of silver, moving through the smoke.

As he came out, the Eastern man was there and said, “Here comes the devil himself, and he’s a nasty one.”

The Eastern man chased after him down to the Vatnsdal River. Thorolf reached a spot with deep pools or fens.

Thorolf turned to face him, grabbed him, and pulled him under his arm, saying, “Now you’re trying to flee, so let’s go down together,” and he jumped into the fen. Both of them sank and never came back up.

Thorstein said, “It’s a great misfortune that my Eastern companion has been lost, but it will be compensated by Thorolf’s wealth.”

And so it was.

The place where Thorolf had lived was thereafter called Sleggjustadir, and cats were often seen there, which many found unsettling. This farm is located above Helgavatn.

29

About the Disputes Between Mar and the Sons of Ingimund

Mar Jorund’s son moved his farm from Grund to Marsstadir [Mar’s-Place]. There was a good relationship between him and the sons of Ingimund.

One autumn, some sheep belonging to Mar went missing, and though they were searched for far and wide, they were not found.

A man named Thorgrim, known as skinnhufa [Skin-Cap,] lived at Hjallaland. He was very knowledgeable in magic and known for other wicked deeds.

There was much talk about the missing sheep, and the valley was considered well populated. One evening, when Mar’s shepherd came home, Mar asked him for news.

The shepherd said that Mar’s sheep had been found and that nothing bad had happened to them. “But there is something more. I discovered land in the woods, and it’s excellent farmland where the sheep had been grazing. They are all in very good condition.”

Mar asked, “Is it my land or someone else’s?”

The shepherd replied that it likely belonged to him, “but it borders the lands of the sons of Ingimund. However, it can only be accessed from your land.”

Mar inspected the land and liked it, claiming it as his own. Thorgrim remarked that they should be able to hold onto the land against the sons of Ingimund.

Thorstein, one of the sons of Ingimund, heard of this and said, “It seems to me that my cousin Mar is pushing his luck too far and hardly respects our rights.”

Shortly after that, Jokull, Thorstein’s brother, met with him, and they had a long conversation. Jokull said it was a great outrage if people were allowed to rob them in the valley. “And it’s that wretched man Thorgrim skinnhufa who stirs up trouble against us, and it would be fitting if he were to pay for it.”

Thorstein replied that he wasn’t a man who to be taken lightly, “I don’t know how he is when provoked.”

Thorstein suggested they go and meet Thorgrim. Jokull said he was ready. When Thorgrim became aware of this, he went and met with Mar. They greeted each other warmly.

Thorgrim said he had just come in haste. “The sons of Ingimund will be here soon.”

Mar asked how he knew this.

Thorgrim replied, “They are now on their way to my farm, intending to kill me. It always seems that I know more than others.”

When they reached the farm, Thorstein said, “We’re dealing with a trickster here, as Thorgrim is not at home.”

Jokull said, “Let’s do something harmful here anyway.”

Thorstein replied that he didn’t want that. “I don’t want it said that we took his belongings but couldn’t catch him ourselves.” So they went home without doing anything.

Another time, Thorstein spoke again to his brothers: “I’m curious to try and see if we can find Thorgrim.”

“I’m ready now too,” said Jokull.

Once again, Thorgrim went to see Mar and said, “The sons of Ingimund have not lost interest in me. I want you to come home with me, and it will be proven to them that I’m not afraid to wait for them at home.”

Mar went there. Then the sons of Ingimund rode up to the farm, and they met in the field.

Thorstein said, “Our kinship, Mar, is not going as it should. I would prefer that both sides showed restraint and that you didn’t take in troublemakers who want to oppose us.”

Mar replied that they had shown unfriendliness by visiting him this way and said he wouldn’t give up his rights to them. Jokull agreed that they should test their strength against each other.

Thorstein said he was reluctant to have trouble with his relatives, “but it might come to that if we cannot get our rights.”

They left because they couldn’t catch Thorgrim due to his sorcery, and Mar’s opposition. Either Thorgrim would disappear from his farm, or Mar would stay there with many men. This situation continued for some time.

During this period, Hogni, son of Ingimund, arrived with his ship “Stigandi” and stayed with Thorstein over the winter. He spoke about his remarkable journeys abroad and mentioned that he had never sailed a ship as good as Stigandi.

There was much talk in the district about the legal disputes between the relatives. Jokull often met with his brother Thorstein and said he still wanted to confront Mar.

Thorstein replied, “That has been the case until now, but we will sit in ambush for Thorgrim. However, I have mixed feelings about it.”

One day, the brothers prepared themselves and gathered thirty-five men, the brothers were five.

Thorgrim said, “This looks bad. The sons of Ingimund will be here soon.”

He ran out and took his clothes before meeting Mar. He said, “The sons of Ingimund are on their way with ill intentions. Now we should prepare and confront them head-on.”

Mar gathered his men. Hromund, the son of Eyvind Sorkvir, a great warrior who was married to Mar’s daughter, was there on the farm. He remarked that it was plain to see that they should test their strength against each other. They numbered forty men, including two sister’s sons of Mar, who were young and promising men.

Thorgrim suggested, “We should go and meet the sons of Ingimund.”

And so it was done.

Thorstein saw this and said, “Now it’s time to prove ourselves, and I think it’s wise for each man to act according to his ability.”

Jokull then drew his sword Aettartangi and said he was eager to test it on the necks of Mar’s men. They met at Karsnes.

Thorgrim told Mar that he would hide, “but I might be more useful here than if I stood by you, as I don’t trust myself to fight.”

Mar did not reply.

The battle began, and after it had been going on for a while, Jokull said, “I’m not impressed with the cutting of Aettartangi.”

Thorstein replied, “We have similar experiences, and it’s becoming dangerous for our men.”

Jokull was at the forefront, striking with both hands. He was strong and very courageous. He struck so hard that weapons were dented, but they didn’t cut.

Jokull said, “Have you lost your sharpness, Aettartangi, or what?”

Thorstein replied, “It seems to me that those I’ve struck are still standing. Do you see Thorgrim anywhere?”

They said they didn’t see him.

Thorstein told Jokull to step back from the battle and see if he could spot Thorgrim. “And you, Hogni, keep up the fighting meanwhile.”

Hogni agreed. Then they searched for Thorgrim.

Jokull said, “I see where the devil is coming up.”

Thorstein said, “There lies the fox.”

And then they saw him peeking up where he lay by the river. Jokull and his brothers ran after him. Thorgrim fled toward the river. Jokull got close enough to strike him, and his sword hit its mark, cutting off both of Thorgrim’s buttocks. The place was later named Hufuhylr where he jumped into the river.

Jokull said, “Now Aettartangi has bitten.”

Thorstein replied, “I think it will from now on.”

Now, back to what happened in the battle. Hromund advanced fiercely against Hogni, and they had a hard-fought exchange. Their encounter ended with Hogni falling to Hromund. Then Jokull arrived and became extremely aggressive, attacking Hromund with great ferocity. There was no lack of cutting as his and others’ swords bit. He struck Hromund’s leg, giving him a severe wound that left him lame for life. From then on, he was called Hromund the Lame. Mar’s sister’s sons fell there too.

As the battle went on, people from nearby farms saw their conflict and came to separate them. First among them was Thorgrim of Karnsa, along with other farmers. He was a relative of the sons of Ingimund. They were separated, many were wounded, and all were exhausted.

Thorgrim said, “Mar, you’ve shown great stubbornness against the brothers, but they are not your equals. My advice is that you should make peace with them and let Thorstein have the right to judge the case.”

Mar said this was wise advice, and they settled the matter accordingly. Thorstein said he wouldn’t announce his decision until at an assembly. The men then went home from the encounter.

When the assembly came where Thorstein wanted to announce his judgment, the Hofverjar clan gathered in great numbers.

Thorstein then spoke: “Most people here know how the encounter went between us and our cousin Mar, and that the matter has been put in my hands. I judge that the killing of my brother Hogni should be considered equal to the injuries suffered by Mar’s men, both minor and major. Hromund shall be declared an outlaw between the Hrutafjord River and the Jokulsa [Glacier-River] in Skagafjord for killing Hogni but shall not be compensated for his injury. Mar shall keep Hjallaland, as it can only be accessed from his land, but must pay us brothers one hundred pieces of silver. Thorgrim Skin-Cap shall receive nothing for his injuries, and he has become worse off.”

After this, the men went home, satisfied with the outcome. Thorgrim left the district and moved north to Melrakkasletta [Fox-Flats], where he stayed until his death.

Thorstein had two sons. One was named Ingolf, who was the most promising of men. The other was named Gudbrand, and he was also a handsome man. Jorunn, the daughter of Ingimund, was married to Asgeir Aedikoll, who was the father of Kalf and Hrefna, whom Kjartan Olafsson married, and Thorbjorg, who was called “Town-Blessing.”

30

The Death of Thorolf Hel-Skin

Regarding Thorolf Heljarskinn, it is said that he first lived in Forsaeludal, where he was ill-regarded by men. Thorstein of Hof came to him and said that he would not tolerate Thorolf’s presence there “unless you change your ways; otherwise, we will not leave you in peace.” Thorolf replied that it was up to Thorstein whether he remained there or not, “but I will decide my own conduct.”

Thorolf then moved his farm and built a stronghold to the south near the Fridmundara. Thorolf began raiding people’s property and became the worst kind of thief. He also maintained sacrificial pits, as it was believed that he sacrificed both men and animals. He became a severe problem for those who were good men, but still, there were nine of them together at most—his equals or worse. When they heard that Thorstein intended to confront them, some fled the stronghold, unwilling to wait.

The local people met with Thorstein and asked him to rid the area of this man, who was so wicked that no one could live near him or negotiate with him. He acknowledged the truth of their words and then sent for his brothers, Jokull and Thorir. Thorir sometimes experienced berserk rages, which was considered a severe flaw in a man of his kind because it brought him no honor.

Jokull said to Thorstein: “You do well by ensuring that no villain is given a second chance in this valley.”

Then they set out, nineteen men in total, and when they saw Thorolf’s stronghold, Thorstein said: “I do not know how we can assault the stronghold because of these river gorges.”

Jokull replied: “This is no obstacle, and I will offer a plan. You, Thorstein, and your men should attack them and distract them while I go up the river with a few men and try to get behind them into the stronghold, forcing them to face us from both sides.”

Thorstein said this was a dangerous mission. Jokull then went up the river with a few men. Thorolf and his men did not notice this and told his men to hold fast, “though the brothers have powerful spirits with them. Let us go to our hiding place if they attempt to pressure us.”

Jokull managed to cross the river upstream from the stronghold. He carried a large axe and reached the stronghold, where he hooked his axe onto the wall, climbed up the shaft, and entered the stronghold. He hurried in his searched for Thorolf but did not see him. Then Jokull noticed Thorolf emerge from his sacrificial pit and ran out of the stronghold, with Jokull in pursuit after him. Jokull’s men sought out Thorolf’s companions, which lead to a great chase.

Thorolf reached a marsh along the river, with Jokull close behind. When Thorolf realized he couldn’t escape, he sat down in the marsh and cried. That place has since been called Crying Marsh. Jokull caught up with him and called him a coward and a villain, but with no strength to match. Jokull then struck the killing blow.

Thorstein pressed the attack on the stronghold as the villains had returned. Jokull ran back and made it into the fort. When those inside saw this, they panicked, and two fled out to a narrow headland, where Jokull killed them both. A third jumped over the cliffs. No deed was considered braver than the one Jokull performed that day.

After this, the brothers returned home, having brought great relief to the district by killing Thorolf Heljarskinn.

31

The Arrogance of Berg the Mongrel

Thorstein of Hof was generous with his estate’s resources to the local people. At his home, food was available to everyone, as well as horse exchanges and other travel provisions. It was customary for all visitors from outside the district to meet with Thorstein first and inform him of any news or unusual happenings from their regions.

There is a meadow called Eyjarengi, which is the best in Hof’s territory. Thorstein’s workers pitched a tent there during the summers. One day, they saw ten people resting in the meadow, including one woman. They were all dressed in colorful clothing. One man wore a cloak and a fine scarf. The workers observed this man as he drew his sword and sliced off the bottom of his cloak, which had become soiled during the ride, and tossed it aside. They heard him say that he did not want to carry filth with him. The workers did not approach these people, but they thought it was wrong of them to rest in someone else’s meadow. One of the maidservants picked up the piece he had cut off and remarked that this man must be full of himself.

That evening, Thorstein asked them for news, but they said they had nothing much to report, though there was a small matter. They then recounted what they had seen and heard and showed him the piece of fabric the man had cut off.

Thorstein commented that this could be interpreted in two ways: either as a foolish man damaging his own property and then resting in another’s meadow, or as the behavior of a significant and arrogant man. “These men have not met with me as is the custom for travelers. I suspect that this may have been Berg the Mongrel, who arrived this summer, the sister’s son of Finnbogi the Strong from Borg in Vididal. He is a man of great strength and is known for his extreme pride.”

As with other things Thorstein suspected, he was proven right.

Berg arrived at Borg, where Finnbogi received him warmly and asked for any news he had. Berg told him what he knew. Finnbogi then asked if he had met with Thorstein son of Ingimund. Berg said that he had not, having ridden past the estate without stopping. Finnbogi remarked that it would have been more proper to visit Thorstein first and share news with him.

Berg responded that he did not wish to lower himself by visiting Thorstein, “for my business was not with him.”

32

A Clash at the Wedding Feast

There was a man named Thorgrim who lived at Borg the Lesser in Vididal. He became engaged to a woman named Thorbjorg, the daughter of Skidi. Thorgrim invited Finnbogi and Berg to the wedding. They accepted the invitation, and the wedding was to be held at Skidi’s place at the onset of winter.

Thorgrim also encountered the sons of Ingimund and invited them to the feast, saying, “For it does not seem to me to be a proper occasion unless you come.” They promised to attend.

The weather was unfavorable, and crossing the Vatnsdal River proved difficult for the men from Vididal. Finnbogi and his companions left their horses with a farmer who lived near the river. The river was open in the middle but lined with thick ice on the banks.

Berg said, “I will carry the people across,” and so he did, making the crossing with great effort. The cold was intense, and his clothes froze solid around him.

Skidi, along with Thorstein and his brothers, came out to meet the guests. Fires were quickly lit to thaw out the guests’ clothes. Thorstein, the host, was particularly attentive, helping to warm the men and taking their garments, as he was known to be humble and considerate to all. Finnbogi entered first and was to sit in the place of honor opposite Thorstein, with Berg following. Berg was wrapped in scarves and a fur coat. His clothes were frozen stiff, so he took up a lot of space as he moved closer to the fire to warm himself.

As Berg approached where Thorstein stood, and said, “Make room for me, man.” He moved so suddenly that Thorstein stumbled backward, nearly falling into the fire.

Jokull, Thorstein’s brother, saw this and became very angry. He grabbed Aettartangi, and rushed at Berg, striking him between the shoulders with the hilt, causing Berg to fall forward. Jokull shouted, “What do you want, you scoundrel? Will you not show respect to the chieftain of the Vatnsdal people?”

Berg sprang up, furious, and reached for his weapons. The men around them quickly intervened to prevent a fight, but Berg’s anger was so intense that it seemed they might still come to blows. Eventually, they were separated.

Thorstein then spoke: “Once again, Jokull’s rashness has caused trouble. I am willing to offer compensation so that Berg is properly satisfied.”

Berg responded that he was not in need of money and declared that he would avenge himself. Jokull said that Berg would only grow weaker the more they clashed.

Skidi urged that Finnbogi and his men leave to avoid further conflict.

Thorstein then said, “It is not fitting to disrupt this union. My brothers and I, along with our men, will ride to Marstadir.” And so it was done.

33

The Challenge and the Prophecy

Berg declared the blow he received at the Hunavatn Assembly and prepared to bring the case there. When people gathered at the assembly, attempts were made to negotiate a settlement.

Berg declared that he would not accept compensation unless Jokull agreed to pass under three earth yokes, a custom observed after serious offenses, “to show humility before me.”

Jokull replied that he would sooner let the trolls take him than lower himself in such a manner.

Thorstein then said, “This matter is subjective, so I will go under the earth yoke.”

Berg declared that the debt was then settled. The first yoke touched his shoulder, the second his belt, and the third his mid thigh. Then Thorstein walked under the first one.

Berg then said, “Now I have bent the man who is the highest among the Vatnsdal people.”

Thorstein replied, “You did not need to say that, and because of your words, I will not go under another.”

Finnbogi then spoke: “That was indeed poorly spoken, but perhaps it’s not much to Berg’s disgrace considering what he endured from Jokull. If we stop here, you Vatnsdal people will think everything is beneath you. Therefore, I challenge you, Thorstein, to a duel in a week’s time at the field that lies in the island below my farm at Borg.”

Berg then said: “The same challenge I give to you, Jokull—I invite you to a duel at the same time as Finnbogi. Then we shall see if you, Hofverjar, are as strong as you claim.”

Jokull replied: “Listen to what this coward says, that he dares to compare himself to us and challenge me to a duel. I think it would not be too much if I fought both you and Finnbogi at once. So it shall be, and I will free my brother Thorstein from his challenge, for it would be a great loss if he were harmed. But it is not without danger if Finnbogi and I fight, for he is a man of great courage, and there is no avoiding the risk for either of us, given who we are. As for you, Berg, you crawled like a wretch when I struck you down before, so come now to the duel if you have the heart of a man rather than a mare. But if any of you fail to show up, a níð (dishonorable effigy) will be raised against you, declaring you a disgrace to all and unfit to be among honorable men, despised by the gods and marked as a coward.”

With that, they parted ways and returned to their homes. This news quickly spread through the districts. The duels were scheduled for the same time that Thorstein had his annual autumn feast at Hof.

There was a woman named Helga, who came out with Berg, she was his mistress. She was a tall and impressive woman, with foresight, a predictor of the future, and was knowledgeable about most things.

She said to Berg: “You and your kin have acted foolishly, thinking you can challenge the fortune of Ingimund’s sons. It won’t go well, for Thorstein is both wise and fortunate, and it is rightly said of Jokull that there is no berserker in all of Northern Iceland to match him. You are not his equal, despite your appearance of courage. And as much shame as you have already endured before him, you will suffer twice as much if you face him again.”

Berg replied, “Jokull has spoken too much for me to tolerate.”

Helga answered, “If you are too foolish to see reason, then I will ensure that no duel will take place.”

“You will not decide that,” said Berg.

Finnbogi was unaware of this plan.

34

The Storm and the Níð

On the morning scheduled for the duel, a fierce snowstorm blew in, with so much frost and drifting snow that it was impossible to go outside. Early that same morning, there was a knock on the door at Hof. Thorstein went to the door and greeted his brother Jokull.

Jokull asked, “Are you ready for the duel, Thorstein?”

Thorstein replied, “Do you think it wise to go out in this weather?”

Jokull answered, “I certainly do.”

Thorstein then said, “Come inside first, brother, and let’s wait to see if the weather improves.”

Jokull refused, saying he didn’t want to come in and melt the snow off himself, “and even if you don’t want to go, I will.”

Thorstein responded, “There will never be a difference in our hardiness that I would stay behind while you go. Wait for me.”

Thorstein went inside, got ready, and told his men to stay put until the weather improved. He also asked his wife and sons to take care of the guests. The two brothers set out together.

Thorstein then asked, “What is your plan?”

Jokull replied, “I don’t recall you ever seeking advice from me before. There will be little to see here if they are needed, but even so, I won’t be at a loss for a plan. We shall go to Undunfell, and our brother Thorir shall come with us.”

They did so, left there, and arrived in the evening at the home of Faxi-Brand. He was a friend of Jokull. They stayed there overnight. Brand owned a gray-maned horse called Freysfaxi. He was dedicated to the horse and it was considered to be a fine animal. The horse was also reliable in every way, both in battle and otherwise. Most people believed that Brand had great faith in Faxi.

The next morning, the storm was just as fierce, if not worse. Despite the worsening weather, the brothers insisted on continuing. Brand had covered a sleigh with hides and hitched it to Faxi, saying that the sleigh would carry them both to their destination.

Jokull said, “Thorstein and Thorir should sit in the sleigh, while Faxi-Brand and I will walk in front.”

They reached the appointed dueling site by early morning, but no one else had arrived.

Meanwhile, Finnbogi said to Berg, “Do you think Jokull has arrived for the duel?”

Berg replied, “I don’t think so; no man could venture out in such weather.”

“Jokull is then not the man I thought he was,” said Finnbogi, “if he hasn’t shown up. It would have been better not to challenge him so far and now suffer one disgrace after another.”

Helga interjected, “You see this too late, and as bad as it is now, it will only get worse.”

Berg then asked, “Do you think Jokull has arrived?”

Helga replied, “I won’t speculate, but I do believe that he is not someone to underestimate.”

With that, the conversation ended, and they did not venture out.

The brothers waited until noon, and when no one appeared, Jokull and Faxi-Brand went to Finnbogi’s sheep shed near the wall. They found a post, carried it to the wall, and found some horses that had taken shelter there from the storm. Jokull carved a man’s head on the end of the post and inscribed runes on it, with all the accompanying curses as described before. He then killed a mare, opened her chest, and placed the post inside, facing Borg. They then returned home and spent the night at Faxi-Brand’s place, in high spirits.

Jokull remarked, “Thorstein, my kinsman, you are much more popular than I am and have many more friends, but it seems now that my friends have proven no less reliable than yours. It seems to me that Faxi-Brand has served us well.”

Thorstein agreed, saying, “Brand has indeed proven himself well.”

Brand added, “It’s good to help a man like Jokull, for he is unlike any other.”

Faxi-Brand and Jokull called this a spellcasted weather, and attributed it to Helga from Borg. The brothers returned home, where everyone was glad to see them.

This now spread throughout all the districts, how greatly humiliated the men of Borg had once again suffered at the hands of those brothers.

35

The Final Confrontation and Resolution

Some time after the previous events, Finnbogi and Berg gathered a group of thirty men in Vididal. Helga asked what they were planning. Finnbogi replied that they intended to head to Vatnsdal.

“Ah,” said Helga, “now you plan to take revenge on the brothers, but I believe the more you go up against them, the more misfortune you will face.”

“We’ll take that risk,” Finnbogi replied.

Helga responded: “Go, it will be no less busy for you at home than away from home.”

News of this spread quickly and reached Hof, where Thorstein heard of it. He sent word to his brothers, and they came to him. He told them what he had learned, and they decided to gather their men. On the day they expected Finnbogi’s group, sixty men had gathered at Hof. Among them were their kinsman Mar from Marsstathir, Eyjolf from Karnsnes, and other friends. They then spotted Finnbogi’s party approaching.

Thorstein said, “Now we shall mount our horses and ride out to meet them, for I don’t want their trampling on my land.”

So they did.

Jokull suggested, “Let’s ride hard and rush them so they’re unprepared.“

Thorstein replied, “Let’s not act hastily. I will speak for us, and we’ll see what they want. It may not take much to resolve this, though I know, kinsman, that you are ready for anything.”

Jokull answered, “It’s no surprise that you wouldn’t want my plans to hold for long.”

“It served us well, kinsman,” said Thorstein, “when your counsel was followed, but we may not need much now.”

Finnbogi, observing the men riding from Hof, said to his group, “Many men are riding out, and it’s clear that little surprises Thorstein. We have two choices, neither good: to retreat home, which would be a great disgrace, or to face them, despite the risk of being outnumbered, as it seems to me.”

Berg declared, “We must take some risk and confront them.”

Finnbogi instructed, “Let’s dismount, tie our horses, and stand firm together, whatever may happen.”

Thorstein and his men saw this, so they dismounted and tied their horses as well.

Thorstein said, “Now let’s go meet them, and I will speak for us.”

Thorstein approached and asked, “Who is the leader of this group?”

Finnbogi identified himself.

Thorstein asked, “What is your business here in the valley?”

“There are often small errands in the countryside,” Finnbogi replied.

Thorsteinn said: “I suspect that now the business has come about that was intended when you left home, although it has turned out differently than expected, which was to meet us brothers. If that is the case, then things have turned out well. Now, Finnbogi, I will give you two choices—not because it wouldn’t be more appropriate for you to have just one. Either return home to Borg as things stand and stay at your farm, or we shall now fight our duel. But it will be done in such a way that each of us will have an equal chance, and you will find out what you can achieve, even though you are both big and strong. Along with this, you must leave Vithidal in the spring and not stay anywhere between Jokulsa in Skagafjord and Hrutafjord. And never again should you think of challenging us brothers.

As for you, Berg, you have shown great hostility towards us brothers. You also insulted me when you first came to the district. You let your horses graze in my meadows and thought so little of me that you assumed I wouldn’t care where your horses grazed. As for the blow my brother Jokull struck you, you shall receive no compensation for it because you rejected the settlement that was offered to you. You also must not stay in the area that is now forbidden to Finnbogi, and let this serve as a reminder of our dealings. Now, quickly choose one of these options.”

Jokull stood beside Thorstein, ready to draw his sword Aettartangi. Finnbogi and Berg returned to their horses, mounted them, and rode away, not stopping until they reached Borg. Helga was standing outside and asked them for news. They replied that they had none to share.

“It may seem that way to you,” she said, “but others will see it differently, as you’ve now been made outlaws in the district like common wrongdoers, and this marks another of your failures.”

Thorstein and his brothers returned to Hof and then each to their own homes. Thorstein thanked everyone for their support. He continued to hold his status in this matter, as in all others.

In the spring, Finnbogi sold his land at Borg and moved north to Strandir, settling in Trekyllisvik, where he lived. Berg also left, though it is not recorded in this saga what became of him. Thus ended the conflicts with the sons of Ingimund.

36

The arrival of Groa and Thorey

One summer, a ship arrived in Hrutafjord. Onboard were two sisters, Thorey and Groa. They both found lodging at Hof and stayed there through the winter with Thorstein. In the spring, they asked Thorstein to help them find a place to settle. Thorey bought land on Thorstein’s advice and began to farm it, while Groa was given a place to live close to him. Thorstein’s wife, Thurid, criticized him for taking an interest in Groa, suspecting her of practicing witchcraft.

Groa purchased malt, prepared a feast, and invited the sons of Ingimund. The sisters were not considered insignificant, and Groa also invited Mar from Marstad and many other locals.

And on the third night before Thorstein was to ride from home, he dreamt that the woman who had accompanied their kinsmen came to him and asked him not to go. He said he had made a promise.

She said: ‘That seems to me unwise, and you will come to harm because of it.’

And so it went for three nights that she came and warned him, saying that he would not fare well and touched his eyes.

It was customary that when Thorstein was to leave for a journey, all those who were to ride with him would gather at Hof on the day of departure. On that day, Jokull, Thorir, Mar, and the other men who were to accompany him arrived. However, Thorstein told them all to return home, claiming he was ill. They did as he asked.

That evening, just after the sun had set, a shepherd of Groa saw her go outside. She walked counterclockwise around her house and said, “It will be difficult to stand against the fortune of the sons of Ingimund.” She looked up towards the mountains, waved a cloth or a scarf, which was tied around a large piece of gold she owned, and said, “Let whatever is fated now come to pass.” Then she went inside and closed the door.

Suddenly, a landslide came down the mountain and buried the entire farm, killing everyone inside.

When this news spread, Thorstein and his brothers drove Thorey, Groa’s sister, out of the district. From that time onward, the place where Groa had lived was considered haunted, and no one wished to live there.

37

The Child of Thorgrim and the Quarrel of Ingolf

Thorgrim of Karnsa fathered a child with his mistress, named Nereith, but due to his wife’s insistence, the child was abandoned. The bond between the brothers, the sons of Ingimund, remained strong, and they often met.

One day, Thorstein met his brother Thorir. Thorir guided him along the road. Thorstein then asked Thorir how he felt about their relationship as brothers.

Thorir replied, “It’s no secret that you are the one who guides us in all our decisions and wisdom.”

Thorstein answered, “And Jokull is the strength behind us in all difficult matters.”

Thorir admitted, “I am the least among us because berserker fits come upon me, especially when I least want them. Brother, I wish you could help me with this.”

Thorstein responded, “I have heard that our kinsman, Thorgrim, has had his child abandoned at the urging of his wife, and this is a terrible deed. I also find it grievous that you are not your true self like other men.”

Thorir declared that he would do anything to be rid of this affliction.

Thorstein said, “I am here to offer my counsel. What would you be willing to do?”

Thorir replied, “Whatever you ask.”

Thorstein continued, “There is one thing I desire—grant the chieftainship to my sons.”

Thorir said that so it shall be.

Thorstein then said, “Now I will call upon the one who created the sun, for I believe he is the most powerful, to remove this curse from you. In return, I will help save the child and raise it so that the one who created mankind might turn him to his service later, for I believe he can become so blessed.”

They mounted their horses and rode to where they knew the child had been abandoned. A thrall of Thorir’s had found the child by Karnsa. They saw that a cloth had been laid over its face, and it was clawing at its nose, close to death. They took the child, brought it to Thorir’s home, and he raised the boy, who was called Thorkel Krafla. After that, Thorir never again experienced berserker fits, and Thorstein assumed the chieftainship.

Olaf lived at Haukgil, and Ottar at Grimstungum. Ottar was married to Asdis, Olaf’s daughter, and they shared a booth at the law assembly.

Thorstein’s sons grew up to be impressive men. Gudbrand was tall and strong, while Ingolf was the most handsome of men and also quite tall. He possessed abilities surpassing most others.

One autumn, at the local assembly, many people gathered, and a game was arranged. Ingolf participated in the game, once again displaying his skills. At one point, as he chased after the ball, it so happened that it fell near Valgerd, Ottar’s daughter. She threw back her cloak, and they spoke together for a while. Ingolf found her extraordinarily beautiful. Every day after that, during the remainder of the assembly, he sought her out for conversation. Afterward, he continued to visit her regularly. Ottar was displeased by this and confronted Ingolf, asking him not to dishonor them both. He offered to give Ingolf his daughter honorably rather than see her shamed.

Ingolf replied that he would visit her as he pleased and saw no dishonor in it. Ottar then approached Thorstein, asking him to intervene with Ingolf. Thorstein agreed.

Thorstein said to Ingolf, “Why do you intend to bring shame to Ottar or dishonor his daughter? You’ve taken a bad course, and it will cause trouble for us if you do not stop.”

Ingolf then ceased his visits but composed love verses about Valgerd and recited them afterward.

Ottar went again to see Thorstein, saying he was displeased with Ingolf’s poetry, “I think it is your duty to offer some counsel.”

Thorstein replied, “This isn’t to my liking either, and I’ve already spoken to him, but it hasn’t helped.”

Ottar then said, “You could compensate me on Ingolf’s behalf, or allow me to pursue the matter legally.”

“I advise you,” said Thorstein, “to pay no attention to it, but you may proceed according to the law if you wish.”

Ottar traveled to Hof and summoned Ingolf to the Hunavatn Assembly, preparing to take legal action.

When Jokull heard of this, he became furious and declared that it was outrageous for their kin to be prosecuted on their home turf. He remarked that Thorstein was growing old, “and though we are not men of the law, we will end this case with the force of our axes.”

When the spring assembly arrived, Ingolf asked Thorstein to offer advice on the matter; otherwise, he threatened to bring an axe down on Ottar’s head.

Thorstein said, “Now I want you to use your chieftainship and take control.”

This was done. When the case was brought before the court, Ingolf and Jokull approached the judges and disrupted the proceedings with blows, causing the case to collapse.

Shortly after the assembly, Ottar told his brother-in-law, Olaf, that he could no longer stay and intended to sell his land. He did so and moved his household south over the heath.

38

The Passing of Thorstein and the Legacy of Ingolf

Not long after this, Thorstein fell ill and passed away. And although Thorstein’s death was mentioned earlier, Jokull was actually the first of the brothers to die, while Thorir lived the longest. Thorkel Krafla was three years old when Thorir, his foster father, died. Then Thorkel went to Thororm and was raised there. People did not expect that the legacy of Thorstein and his brothers would be matched, but still, people thought that his sons followed well in his footsteps. Ingolf was considered the most promising by the women, as it was said:

“All the maidens who had come of age,
wished to walk with Ingolf.
Downhearted was she who was a little too young.”

The brothers divided their inheritance. Ingolf lived at Hof, while Gudbrand settled at Gudbrandstad. Ingolf married Halldis, the daughter of Olaf from Haukagil. She was younger than Asdis, who was married to Ottar and was the mother of Valgerd and Hallfred the Troublesome Poet. Whenever Ingolf traveled to or from the assembly, he would always visit Valgerd, much to Ottar’s displeasure. Valgerd, in turn, made him all the finest clothes.

39

The Plot Against Ingolf and Gudbrand

A few winters after the death of Thorstein Ingimundarson, Ottar encountered a man named Thorir while riding back from the assembly across Blaskogarheidi. Thorir had come from the eastern fjords and admitted he had become an outlaw due to an affair with a woman. He asked Ottar for refuge.

Ottar agreed on one condition: “If you will undertake an errand for me.”

Thorir inquired what the errand was.

Ottar replied, “I want you to go north to Vatnsdal and lie in wait to kill Ingolf or one of his brothers. It is likely that their fortune will fail if things go as expected. If you agree to this, I will help you.”

Thorir said he was more than capable of the task, as he lacked neither courage nor resolve. He went home with Ottar, and they struck a bargain that Thorir would kill either Ingolf or Gudbrand, whichever he could reach first. In return, Ottar would help him escape abroad.

Thorir then traveled north to Vatnsdal and arrived at Hof. He stayed there overnight and asked Ingolf for shelter, claiming he was an outlaw. Ingolf told him that had was in need of outlaws from other regions, and that such men were in abundance. He told Thorir to leave immediately, as he had an ill feeling about him.

Thorir left and went to Gudbrand’s farm. Gudbrand welcomed him, and Thorir stayed there for some time. One morning, Gudbrand asked Thorir to fetch him a horse and went outside, with Thorir following. As Gudbrand stepped onto the threshold, Thorir attempted to strike him down. Hearing the swoosh of the ax, Gudbrand dodged just in time, and the ax lodged into the doorpost. Thorir fled the courtyard, with Gudbrand in pursuit.

Thorir leaped over a river gorge but fell as he landed. Gudbrand threw his sword after him, hitting Thorir in the middle. Thorir had tied a bridle around his waist, and the sword struck the bridle ring. Gudbrand then crossed the river and found Thorir dead. He buried him there. The sword had a notch so large that a fingertip could fit in it. Gudbrand had the sword sharpened afterward, and it became an excellent weapon.

Gudbrand went to see his brother and told him this news, saying that this must be the work of Ottar, and that they should be prepared for such things. Ingolf considered this a great outrage, and they immediately rode south to Borgarfjord to confront Ottar about it. But he denied it, and since there were many people present, they could not get to him.

Negotiations were then sought, resulting in a settlement where Ottar paid one hundred pieces of silver, and Thorir’s death went unpunished. As part of the settlement, it was agreed that Ingolf could be rightfully killed if he visited Valgerd without Gudbrand accompanying him.

Ingolf then said to Ottar, “You should expect, Ottar, that if there are more hostile ventures like this against us, silver won’t suffice as compensation, and the treachery will then be repaid in full.”

Ottar replied that many would say there was cause for such actions even before this event. With that, they parted ways.

40

The Deceitful Svart and the Death of Gudbrand

A man named Svart arrived at Minthakseyri with his ship. He was of Sudreyar descent, a large and strong man, but unpopular and lacking in common courtesy. His ship had been wrecked, and when people learned of his character, no one wanted to offer him shelter. He wandered through the districts until he came to Ottar, asking for hospitality and protection.

Ottar replied, “It seems unjust that a man like you should not receive aid, especially since you are no ordinary man. I believe you could be of great assistance to me.”

Svart agreed, saying he was worthy of such trust. He possessed some wealth as well.

Svart stayed with Ottar, but it wasn’t long before Ottar said to him. “I want you to go north to Vatnsdal, to Hof, where a man named Ingolf resides. He is my enemy and has humiliated me many times. I can’t obtain justice from him, because he is a powerful man. I think you, with my support, could avenge me, as I have a good feeling about you.”

Svart said he had been in situations where not everyone saw things the same way, and he also thought it more likely that he would succeed in the mission, as he had been on Viking expeditions and often managed to get away on his own.

A ship stood ashore at Hvita. They agreed that Svart would either cut off a hand or foot from Ingolf or kill Gudbrand if he couldn’t get to Ingolf. In return, Ottar would provide Svart with winter lodging and arrange for his escape abroad. If Svart failed, he would seek his own refuge, or return to his current residence. Ottar secured supplies from the ship and gave them to Svart, along with a guide and two horses. He also directed Svart on the best routes to take northward.

Svart traveled until he reached Hvanndalir, where he left his horses and hid his supplies, allowing the horses to graze. Early in the day, Svart arrived at Hof on foot, where Ingolf was outside fitting a spear shaft. Svart greeted Ingolf and said that he had not fared well, saying that he had lost two horses on the heath and that his goods were lying there, a chest and a sleeping bag made of hide. He asked Ingolf to provide men to search with him or to carry his belongings to the settlements, saying that he wanted to move north to Eyjafjord and that he had stayed at Hrafnagil for a few winters.

Ingolf responded that there were few men at the farm and that he himself wouldn’t go, as he had to leave shortly.

“Then perhaps you could guide me to another farm,” Svart suggested.

And so it was. He went with him on the road, but Ingolf remained wary of him due to his intuition, as Svart always wanted to walk behind. He was girded with a sword and carried a very large spear in his hand. It was a feather-spear, with a long shaft wrapped in iron.

Svart sought Ingolf’s hospitality, suggesting he could take whatever he wanted from his belongings. “You are a well-known man, and it befits you to take in foreigners, especially if they come with wealth to share.”

“I’m not in the habit,” replied Ingolf, “of taking in strangers. Many of them turn out badly, and you don’t look any different. I want nothing to do with you,” he said, dismissing Svart and returned to the farm.

Svart went and came to Gudbrand, telling him the same story. Gudbrand said, “Strangers have not served me well, but I can have your goods retrieved, and then we’ll decide what to do about your stay.”

They went and found the goods, assuming the horses had run off. However, they soon found the horses. Gudbrand took everything home with him and took Svart in.

When Ingolf heard of this, he met with his brother and criticized his actions, “I think it’s unwise to have taken him in. I want him gone.”

Gudbrand said that he doubted that this man intended any harm, and that he hadn’t given him any reason to suspect him since he arrived.

Ingolf replied, “Then we do not see it the same way, for the man seems deceitful to me, and I believe he will turn out badly. I do not want him staying with you, as I have a bad feeling about him, and I prefer the previous arrangement.”

But Gudbrand ignored his brother’s warnings, and Svart remained there through the winter.

In the spring, when the weather began to warm, Gudbrand moved his people to the summer pastures. It was arranged that his wife would ride alone, while Gudbrand and Svart rode together on one horse, with Svart sitting behind. As they crossed the marshes now known as Svartsfellsmyrar, the horse stumbled. Gudbrand asked Svart to dismount and walk behind the horse, which he did. But when Svart saw that Gudbrand wasn’t paying attention, he turned his spear toward him.

Gudbrand’s wife saw this and shouted, “Beware of the dog, he means to betray and kill you!”

At that moment, Svart thrust his spear under Gudbrand’s arm, piercing him deeply. Gudbrand managed to draw his sword and struck Svart, slicing him in half. Gudbrand’s wife rode to the summer pastures and reported the deaths of both men, which were received as grim news.

Ingolf heard this and said that things had gone according to his intuition. He immediately prepared a case against Ottar at the Althingi for conspiracy against his life and that of his brother. When people arrived at the assembly, attempts were made to negotiate a settlement, but Ingolf was very reluctant to agree. However, because many influential men were involved and because Ingolf had not honored his agreement with Ottar regarding meetings with Valgerd, he agreed to a settlement. Three hundred pieces of silver were paid as compensation for the conspiracy against Gudbrand, and the breach of settlement with Ottar over the matter of Valgerd was also forgiven. They parted with this agreement, and peace was restored.

Ingolf had two sons with his wife, named Surt and Hogni. Both were admirable men. Ingolf was regarded as a great chieftain, following in his father’s footsteps in many ways.

Olaf of Haukagil was now becoming very old.

41

Ingolf's Last Stand and the Struggle for Leadership

At this time, there were many outlaws and thieves, both in the south and the north, making it nearly impossible for anyone to safeguard their possessions. One night, they raided Haukagil, stealing a great quantity of food, for everywhere was well stocked with supplies. Olaf went to meet Ingolf and told him what had happened. Ingolf prepared to leave home with fourteen other men. Olaf urged him to be cautious, saying it was more important for him to return home safely than to recover the stolen food.

They rode south into the heath, discussing the theft from Olaf’s farm. The thieves had stolen goods worth fifteen hundreds. Ingolf and his men found their tracks and followed them until they lost the trail, as it split into two directions. They then divided their group, with eight men following one path and seven following the other. They searched for a long time. Nearby, they saw a shepherd’s hut with eighteen horses tethered outside and suspected the thieves might be there. They debated whether they should seek out their companions first.

Ingolf thought it unwise to delay, “They might reach the cave, which is close by, and if they get there, they’ll be safe. Our efforts will have been in vain, and we don’t know where our men are.”

Ingolf dismounted and ran to a nearby ravine, picking up two large flat stones. He placed one across his chest and the other over his back, securing them with his belt. He held his sword, Ancestor’s Edge, and approached the shepherd’s hut. The hut had two doors. It is said that Ingolf had no more than one companion with him at the time. His companion suggested they should alert their men, but Ingolf declared he would defend the hut’s entrance while his companion fetched their men.

“I will not leave now,” Ingolf said. “I don’t think your men are too many.”

Ingolf was determined to attack immediately and urged his companion to follow him bravely. As soon as Ingolf entered, the thieves attacked him. The stones he wore shielded him, and the blows glanced off. The thieves pressed in on Ingolf from all sides, but he defended himself valiantly. Then, raising Ancestor’s Edge, he struck down the man behind him, killing him instantly, and then delivered a lethal blow to the man in front, slaying both in a single strike.

A fierce battle ensued, ending with Ingolf killing five men. However, his companion had fallen during the fight. By the time they emerged from the hut, Ingolf was severely wounded. At that moment, his men arrived. The surviving thieves fled, but Ingolf’s men recovered the stolen goods, loaded them onto their horses, and returned north.

Ingolf was bedridden from his wounds throughout the winter, and they nearly healed. But when the summer warmth arrived, his wounds reopened, leading to his death. Before passing, Ingolf requested to be buried on a separate hill from where his kinsmen were laid to rest, saying it would be more memorable for the maidens of Vatnsdal if he were buried near the road. Then he died. Ingholfsholt is it now named, where he was buried.

The common people greatly mourned Ingolf’s death. He had lived twelve years after his father’s death, earning great respect during that time. Ottar, meanwhile, married his daughter Valgerd to a man from Stafhyl.

With Ingolf’s death, Vatnsdal was left without a chieftain, as his sons were too young to inherit the role. The community deliberated on how to proceed. According to the laws of that time, when heirs were too young, the chieftaincy was to be entrusted to the most capable member of the assembly until the heirs came of age.

42

The Dream and the Death of Thorkel Silver

Thorkel Krafla, son of Thorgrim, was a man of great size and strength. He was twelve years old when these events took place. Thorgrim did not acknowledge him as his son, though Thorkel was much more promising than his legitimate sons.

Thorkel Silver of Helgavatn was a man of extraordinary power, known for his many skills in magic. He was very wealthy, but unpopular and disliked by most people, though he was considered a significant figure.

On the same day that a meeting was scheduled at Karnsa to discuss the issue of the chieftaincy, Thorkel Silver’s wife asked him, “What do you plan to do today?”

Thorkel replied, “I plan to go to the meeting and return home tonight as the new chieftain.”

“I would not want you to go,” she said, “if you intend to become the leader of the Vatnsdal people, for you will not succeed, and you are not suited for it.”

He responded, “In other matters, your advice may prevail, but not in this.”

Orm Klakka and Thorgrim of Karnsa, grandson of Ingimund, would also attend the meeting. Thorgrim was considered the best candidate due to his kinship with the Vatnsdal people, but it would be decided by the majority, as there were well-suited for the position. The meeting was scheduled to take place during einmánuðr (An Old Norse month, begins in march) at Forsaeludal, at Orm Klakka’s home.

The night before the meeting, Thorkel Silver had a dream and told his wife Signy that he dreamed he was riding down Vatnsdal on a red horse, and it seemed as though the horse barely touched the ground. “I think this means something red will burn before me, turning to honor.”

Signy responded with a different interpretation: “This seems like a bad dream to me,” she said, explaining that the horse is called a mar, “and a mar is a person’s spirit companion.” She added that it would appear red if it were bloodied, “and it may be that you will be killed at the meeting if you aim to claim the chieftainship, for many will prevent you from achieving it.”

Thorkel pretended not to hear her and prepared himself with fine clothes and weapons, for he was a man who loved to display his wealth and status. He arrived last at the meeting.

Thorgrim arrived early and took the high seat beside Orm. He never acknowledged Thorkel Krafla as his son. At that time, Thorkel was playing on the floor with other children. He was already tall, strong, and the most handsome of men. He paused in front of Thorgrim and stared at him for a long time, and at a small axe he was holding.

Thorgrim asked why the slave woman’s son was staring at him so intently. Thorkel replied that he found it no great amusement to look at him.

Thorgrim then asked, “What would you do, Krafla, if I gave you this axe, seeing as you seem to like it so much? And what if I also acknowledged you as my kin?”

Thorkel asked him to speak further.

Thorgrim continued, “You should take this axe and strike Thorkel Silver in the head, so that he will never obtain the chieftaincy of the Vatnsdal people. By doing so, you will truly make yourself a part of the Vatnsdal kin.”

Thorkel agreed to do this. Thorgrim advised him to act foolishly with the other boys, while Thorkel Silver usually sat with one hand under his chin and a foot resting on his knee. Thorkel was supposed to run in the dirt, then brush up against Silver’s clothing to see if he would become angry.

Now they discussed the chieftaincy, but could not agree on the matter. Each man wanted to advance his own interests. When they drew lots, Silver’s lot always won, for he was cunning. Thorgrim then approached Thorkel Krafla at the doorway among the boys.

Thorgrim said, “Now I want you to pay the price for the axe.”

Thorkel replied, “I’m keen on the axe, and ready to pay the price now, though perhaps not in the way you wanted.”

Thorgrim responded, “More will be taken now than just a price.”

Thorkel asked, “Do you want me to kill Silver now?”

“Yes,” said Thorgrim.

The chieftaincy had just been awarded to Thorkel Silver. Thorkel Krafla entered the hall, approached Silver, and brushed against his foot. Silver pushed him away and called him a slave woman’s son. Thorkel leaped onto the seat beside him and drove the battle-axe into his head, killing Thorkel Silver instantly, and said that he had not worked too hard for the axe.

Thorgrim remarked that the boy had been poorly tested, “But he has stood firm. This boy has now truly joined the Vatnsdal kin, and I will acknowledge you as my son.”

Thorgrim then took the chieftaincy and was called the Chieftain of Karnsa. The killing of Silver was settled peacefully because his sons were still young. Thorkel Krafla returned home to Karnsa with his father and requested to go abroad, hoping to visit his kinsman, Earl Sigurd Hlodvisson. Thorgrim agreed that he should do whatever he wished.

43

Thorkel Krafla's Journey to Orkney and Return to Iceland

There was an eastman named Bjorn who owned a ship prepared for a sea voyage. With him traveled Thorkel krafla, heading abroad. They made a stop at the Orkney Islands, where Earl Sigurd was ruling. Bjorn was acquainted with the earl and requested that he take both him and Thorkel in, saying that Thorkel was a man of good family, deserving of much, and highly regarded among the Icelanders. The earl said he would take them in and asked about Thorkel’s lineage. Thorkel explained who he was, but the earl paid little attention to it. Afterward, the earl took them in.

Thorkel seemed to the Earl’s men to be somewhat reserved. He never left his place unless the Earl did, and he was very loyal to him.

One spring day, the Earl’s followers went outside to play games, while the Earl remained inside with a few men. He remarked, “You, Thorkel, are more steadfast than most, as you never join in the games. What did you say about your lineage?”

Thorkel then recounted his family background, and the Earl became more interested, replying, “It seems you’re related to me, yet you’re very slow to share such things.”

The Earl then increased his favor towards him, and the following summer, the Earl went on a military campaign and asked Thorkel if he wished to accompany him. Thorkel said he would go if the Earl wished it. They raided far and wide that summer. And once, when they made a landing in Scotland and returned to the ships, the Earl asked how many men were missing. They then took stock and found that only Thorkel was missing. He had been on the Earl’s ship. They said it was no great loss given how inadequate the man was. The Earl ordered them to go immediately and search for him. And so they did. They found Thorkel in a forest clearing by an oak tree. Two men were attacking him, while four others lay dead beside him. The attackers fled as soon as the Earl’s men arrived.

The Earl asked what had delayed him. Thorkel replied, “I heard you say we should charge from the ships onto the land, but never to run back to the ships, leaving one another behind.”

The Earl responded, “You speak the truth, kinsman. It shall be so from now on. No one who flees from our banner back to the ships will receive any share of the spoils.”

The Earl then asked if the dead men near him were locals or his own men. Thorkel replied that they were locals. He explained that he had passed by a castle, and as he walked, some stones fell from the stone wall. Inside, he found a considerable amount of treasure. The castle guards saw him and chased him, leading to the encounter they now witnessed.

The Earl praised Thorkel for his bravery. He then asked how much treasure it was. Thorkel replied that it was twenty marks of silver. The Earl declared that Thorkel should have piece of treasure and no one else. Thorkel said that the Earl should have the treasure and all that came with it. The Earl responded that they should both share the treasure, and it was not divided further. The Earl held Thorkel in high regard after this expedition. Thorkel stayed with the Earl for two winters.

After that, Thorkel desired to return to Iceland and told the Earl of his wishes. The Earl replied, “I expect your kinsmen will be honored by you.”

Thorkel became a trusted follower of the Earl, who gave him a gold-plated axe, fine clothes, and pledged his friendship. The Earl also gifted Thorkel a trading ship filled with whatever cargo he chose. He sent a gold ring to Thorgrim at Karnsa to grant freedom to Nereid, which weighed half a mark. To Nereid herself, he sent all manner of fine women’s attire in honor of their kinship.

Thorkel then set sail and had a successful voyage. He brought his ship to Hunavatnsos. Thorgrim, the chieftain of Karnsa, rode to the ship, warmly greeted his son, and invited him home, which Thorkel accepted. Thorgrim granted Nereid her freedom as the Earl had requested. Shortly after, Thorgrim fell ill and passed away. His legitimate sons inherited all his property according to the law.

Thororm, the brother of Orm Klakka and father of Thorgrim, who was Thorkel’s father, visited Thorkel and invited him to stay with him, which Thorkel accepted. Thorkel was known as a kind and good-tempered man.

44

The Feud Over Thorkel Krafla

There was a man named Thorgils who lived at Svinavatn. He had a wife and four sons, two of whom were named Thorvald and Orm. Thorgils had a nephew named Glaedir, who was the son of Thorgils’ sister and Gudmund the Rich from Modruvellir. Glaedir was a boastful man, talkative, foolish, and prone to making loud, empty boasts.

Thorgils and his son Thorvald traveled to visit Orm Klakka to ask for the hand of his daughter Sigrid. The proposal was well received, and the wedding was arranged to take place during winter nights in Forsaeludal. There were few people at home, but much work needed to be done, including gathering sheep and pigs from the mountains, among other tasks. Thorkel offered to go with the workers to the mountains, and Orm accepted his offer. They set out, but their progress was slow because the livestock was skittish. No one pressed on more vigorously than Thorkel. The most difficult task was dealing with the pigs. Thorkel was unyielding and always volunteered for the tasks that others found most unpleasant.

When they were preparing their provisions, Thorkel suggested, “Wouldn’t it be a good idea to take one of the piglets for our meal?”

Thorkel took one piglet and prepared it for the meal. Everyone agreed that Thorkel was the most helpful of all. They returned home after completing their tasks.

There was a man named Avaldi, son of Ingjald, who was living with Orm Klakka. He was the steward, while his wife, Hildr, managed the household. She was the daughter of Eyvind Sokvir.

Shortly before the wedding was to take place, Glaedir came from the east out of the Fjords and heard the news of this event and the arrangements being made. Glaedir said he had also heard other news, “namely the mountain expedition of Thorkel Krafla, where he was assigned to guard the pigs.” He said that this was most fitting for the son of a slave-woman, and mentioned that Thorkel had killed the piglet that had nursed during the night and slept beside the boar, “for it froze like any other bitch.”

Thorgils replied, “This is foolish talk you’re indulging in, and it’s said that Thorkel handled things well both there and elsewhere.”

Glaedir said, “I think his actions were disgraceful.”

Now the guests arrived for the wedding.

Thorkel then spoke to his foster father Orm: “I will serve the guests and take care of the tasks and arrangements.”

Orm said he would gladly accept that. Thorkel served the guests with great care and generosity. Orm and his men sat in the high seat, while Thorgrim and his men sat in the lower seats. Thorkel moved about, attending to the guests, humble in his service. The men from Svinadal laughed at him a lot and said the slave woman’s son was acting rather grand. Thorkel replied that it was more courteous to meet hospitality with joy and pleasant conversation rather than with mockery or insults.

Glaedir then said that Thorkel had accomplished many great feats, “and you can certainly boast about them. Just recently, you killed the piglet that had only drunk milk for one night. That seems to be your craft.”

Thorkel replied, “My accomplishments are few, Glaedir, but still more than yours, so you shouldn’t be talking about this.”

Glaedir laughed at Thorkel in front of Thorvald, mocking him for being so skilled at cooking. Thorvald told Glaedir that he was speaking foolishly. Later that evening, everyone went to bed.

The next morning, Thorkel went to the storehouse, retrieved the gold-plated axe given to him by the Earl, and then went to the entrance hall. Glaedir was there, washing himself. Some men walked by carrying a slaughtering trough.

Glaedir taunted Thorkel, saying, “You’ve surely been busy with the farm work this morning. We’ll now enjoy the pork, so make sure to serve us the fattiest pieces. That suits the son of a slave woman.”

“It wouldn’t be fitting to carve up the head first,” said Thorkell, “and pick the best pieces for yourself, I’ve never known you to be so greedy that it’s difficult to satisfy you.”

That day, they were to ride away from the feast. Thorgils asked whether breakfast was ready. Thorkell said it would be ready as soon as the food was cooked and added that it wouldn’t take long. He went out through the workmen’s door and entered through another door, picking up his axe that was standing by the entrance. When Glaedir went outside, Thorkell followed him and struck him on the head, killing him instantly. Thorkell then ran to the north door, as they were blocking the south door. Food was laid out all over the house. Thorgils had a large group with him, and his men ran through the house, thinking that Thorkell wouldn’t be able to get out and planning to seize him. Thorkell ran among the seats. The house had alcoves and sleeping compartments, and from one of these compartments, it was possible to jump into an alcove. He made his way to where the women were sitting and hiding themselves. He rushed to where Hildr was. She asked why he was in such a hurry. Thorkell told her the truth. She told him to go into the alcove beside her, and from there, he was able to escape.

Thorgils said, “Let’s go to where the women are because I think that’s where the man ran.”

Hildr took an axe in her hand and said that none of them could take it from her. Thorgils thought that Thorkel must now be there and asked them to throw clothes over them. And so it was done, but Thorkel was not found. Thorgils then realized that this was nothing but a trick and a delay, so they went out. And when they came out, they thought they saw the figure of a man down by the river. Thorgils ordered them to search there, and so it was done, but he was not found. Thorkel knew there was a cave by the river, which is now called Krafla’s Cave, and there he was.

Thororm and Orm Klakka attempted to negotiate a settlement. Thorgils refused to accept any compensation and did not break off the engagement, insisting that revenge should come for Glaedir’s killing. Thororm escorted the wedding party out of the yard and continued to seek reconciliation, but he was unsuccessful, and that is how they parted.

That winter, Thorkel spent time either at Karnsa with his brothers or with other relatives, as all were willing to offer him some protection. They believed that he had potential and hoped that no outsiders would come to dominate their region. The Vatnsdal family sought help from the seeress Thordis, who lived at Spakonufell. She was highly esteemed and knowledgeable, and they asked her for assistance and advice regarding Thorkel’s case, saying that much depended on her involvement. She agreed to help.

Thorgils then went to see Gudmund the Powerful, telling him that it was his duty to speak up for his relative, “I will support you.”

Gudmund replied, “This matter is not easy because I believe Thorkel will become a great man, and he has many relatives to support him. But I’ve been told that Thorkel’s actions were not without provocation. Now, you prepare the case, and I will take it up this summer at the Althing.”

In the spring, Thorgils prepared the case for the Althing. The Vatnsdal people gathered in great numbers, as did both sides. Thorgils rode to the assembly with a large group of men. Thorkel also rode to the assembly with his kinsmen. Riding with them was the seeress Thordis, who had her own booth and her own men. Then Gudmund took over the case. The Vatnsdal people offered terms of settlement, but Gudmund’s side wanted nothing less than a pentalty. Thororm met with Thordis and consulted with her, for she was wise and foresighted, and was called upon to arbitrate in important matters.

She said, “Have Thorkel come to my booth, and let’s see what happens.”

Thorkel did as she instructed.

Thordis then told Thororm, “Go and offer a settlement to Gudmund, and I will handle the case.”

Thorkel gave Thordis two hundred pieces of silver. Thororm offered to submit the case to Thordis’s judgment, but Gudmund refused, stating that he wouldn’t accept any monetary compensation.

Thordis remarked, “I expect no easy dealings with Gudmund.”

She then addressed Thorkel, “Now, put on my black cloak and take the staff named Hognudr in your hand. Are you willing to walk into Gudmund’s group like this?”

Thorkel replied that he would dare to do so with her guidance.

She responded, “Let’s take this risk. Now, you shall walk up to Gudmund and tap him three times on his left cheek with the staff. It doesn’t seem to me that you are fated to die soon, so I expect this will work.”

Thorkel entered Gudmund’s group without anyone noticing him. He approached Gudmund and managed to do exactly as he was instructed. The prosecution of the case was delayed, and the proceedings stalled.

Thorgils asked, “Why isn’t the case progressing?”

Gudmund replied that it would soon be resolved, but it didn’t happen, and time passed, rendering the case unfit for prosecution.

Thordis met with the Vatnsdal men and advised them to go to the courts and now offer compensation for the man’s death, “and it may be that they will accept, thus resolving the case.”

They did as she suggested, approached the courts, met with Gudmund, and offered a settlement and monetary compensation.

Gudmund responded, “I don’t know what you are offering, but I do acknowledge the fact in this case that the man who was killed had spoken words that invited his own doom.”

They replied that they were willing to make a generous offer and asked him to speak. When Gudmund realized that the case could not proceed legally, he accepted the power to decide the terms of the settlement from Thororm, allowing him to determine the amount of compensation he wished, excluding banishment or exile from the region. The settlement was then confirmed with a handshake, and the charges were dropped. Thordis then sent Thorkel to Gudmund a second time, instructing him to tap the staff on Gudmund’s right cheek, which Thorkel did. Gudmund then regained his senses and found it strange that the memory had vanished from his mind. Gudmund awarded a hundred pieces of silver for the killing of Glaedir, and the counterclaims were dropped. Thororm and Thordis paid the entire sum, and peace was made between the parties. Thorkel returned home to Spakonufell with Thordis.

Thorgils asked Gudmund, “Why did your mind change so quickly regarding the case today?”

Gudmund replied, “Because I couldn’t speak the words I wanted to say, and I was reluctant. Like rope pulling against a strong man.”

They then returned home from the assembly.

45

Thorkel's Rise to Power and the Conflict at Leidmot

The Vatnsdal people greatly elevated Thorkel Krafla’s status in all respects. They even sought a wife for him and granted him the chieftainship, as Surt and Hogni, sons of Ingolf, were still only eleven and fifteen years old, respectively. These young boys could not claim their inheritance from Thorkel, so the estate of Hofsland was purchased for him, and Thorkel became the leader of the Vatnsdal people.

The family of Ottar began to spread northward into the region and little attention was paid to them. Ottar’s sons, Hallfred and Galti, and other of his children, moved north as well. Hallfred often visited Skegg-Avaldi and conversed with his daughter Kolfinna. Kolfinna was married to Gris Saemingsson, but rumors still persisted between her and Hallfred, as is told in his saga. Once, when he returned, as he was a traveling man, and Gris was at the assembly, Hallfred came to where Kolfinna was at the shieling, and he lay with her there. And when Gris learned of this, he was greatly displeased, but Hallfred departed abroad later that summer.

At a gathering in Vatnsdal known as Leidmot, a large crowd had assembled, and tents were set up as the event was to last two nights. Thorkel had the largest and most populated booth. Skegg-Avaldi and his son Hermund shared a booth, and as Galti Ottarsson was attending to his errands, he encountered Hermund. Hermund recalled the wrongs done to them by Hallfred and, in a fit of rage, attacked and killed Galti, then retreated to his father’s booth.

When Thorkel heard of the killing, he quickly rose with his followers, intent on avenging the death.

Hildr, Hermund’s mother, stood in the doorway and said, “Thorkel, it is wiser not to act so hastily. You once promised me when we met that you wouldn’t kill my son before my eyes.”

Thorkel replied, “Much has changed since then. Now, step out of the booth, for if you do, you won’t have to see your son struck down before your eyes.”

Hildr realized that Thorkel was giving her a way to protect her son and admired his quick thinking and noble approach. She then took off her headdress and readied it, sitting in her son’s place so that no other women would leave the booth.

Thorkel urged the women to hurry and pushed through, saying, “Don’t stand in the way, for it is a great burden for a mother not to see or hear the man being struck down.”

His followers were ready to rush in and kill Hermund.

Thorkel, however, stood in the doorway and said, “Let’s think carefully about whether it’s right to kill our own countrymen and assemblymen, and let’s rather settle this matter.”

Negotiations for a settlement were then initiated, and it was arranged in such a way that both parties were satisfied. The compensation was so generous that those who received it were well-pleased. Thorkel resolved this conflict with honor, and everyone was content with the outcome. From then on, all disputes in the district were referred to Thorkel, as he was considered the most naturally gifted leader in the Vatnsdal clan, second only to Thorstein Ingimundarson.

46

The Arrival of Bishop Fridrek and Thorvald the Far-Traveled

Around this time, Bishop Fridrek and Thorvald Kodransson, known as the Far-Traveled, arrived in Iceland. Soon after, another ship arrived carrying two berserkers, both named Hauk. These berserkers quickly became unpopular because they threatened people with violence, demanding either women or wealth, and would challenge men to duels. They growled like wild dogs, biting the edges of their shields, and walking barefoot through burning fire.

Bishop Fridrek and Thorvald began spreading a new religion, offering people an alternative to the old beliefs. They spent their first winter at Gilja. The locals were displeased with the new customs introduced by the bishop and Thorvald. Kodran was among the first to accept the new faith and was baptized along with his wife. However, Olaf of Haukagil, being old and bedridden, continued to drink from his drinking horn.

In the autumn, during the winter nights, Olaf invited his friends to his home, particularly his brother-in-law Thorkel. Bishop Fridrek and Thorvald were also present. Thorkel welcomed them politely but let them stay in a separate house because they followed a different faith. On the first evening of the feast, the berserkers were seen approaching, and everyone was greatly alarmed.

Thorkell asked the bishop if he would offer advice on how these berserkers might be killed. The bishop suggested that if Thorkel and his men accepted the new faith and were baptized, he would help them defeat these evil men with your own strength.

Thorkel responded, “That will be close enough if you can show us a sign of your power.”

The bishop instructed them to light three fires on the floor of the hall, which was done. The bishop then blessed the fires and said, “Now, let the bravest men arrange themselves on the benches with large clubs, as iron will not harm these berserkers. You must beat them to death.”

Then the namesakes went inside when they arrived and waded through the first fire, then the second, and were severely burned. They became terribly afraid of the heat of the fire and immediately sought the benches. Then they were beaten to death and carried up to the ravine, which has since been called Haukagil.

The bishop felt that Thorkel should now fulfill his part of the agreement by accepting the new faith and being baptized. However, Thorkel replied that he did not wish to have any other faith than that of Thorstein Ingimundarson and his foster father Thorir. “They believed in the one who created the sun and governs all things,” he said.

The bishop explained, “This is the same belief, but with the understanding that there is one God, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. You must be baptized in water in his name.”

Thorkel found the idea of washing in water the most troubling and said he was not yet ready to accept this practice, though he did think it seemed good and believed that it would eventually be accepted. He said, “Olaf, my brother-in-law, is old. He should be baptized and all others who wish, but I will wait a while longer.”

Olaf was then baptized and died in his white garments. Several other men were baptized at the feast. Thorkel was baptized when Christianity was officially adopted in Iceland, along with all the Vatnsdal people. Thorkel became a great chieftain. He built a church on his estate and faithfully observed his religion.

47

The Settlement and Departure of the Brothers

Two brothers, Fostolf and Throttolf, lived in Engihlid in Langadal. They were influential men. They took in a man under their protection, intending to keep him hidden while they went to the assembly at Kjolur, near Reykjavellir, to settle his legal matters.

Another pair of brothers, Hunrod and Ulfhedinn, sons of Vefred Aevarsson the Elder, lived at Moberg in Langadal. Ulfhedinn was the more popular of the two. A man named Thorolf, called the “leikgoði” (a term indicating some religious or social role), stayed with these brothers. Ulfhedinn was a close friend of Holmgang-Starri, and men say that when Thorarin the Wicked challenged Starri to a duel, Ulfhedinn accompanied him to the dueling site. During their journey, they encountered a storm, which they believed was caused by sorcery.

There was a man named Bard, and he was called “the Ill-Tempered.” He traveled with them. They asked him to dispel the storm, as he was skilled in magic. He told them to link arms and form a ring. Then he walked counterclockwise three times and spoke in Irish. He asked them to say ‘yes’ in response. They did so. Then he waved a cloth toward the mountain, and the storm ceased.

As mentioned earlier, Fostolf and Throttolf went to the assembly, leaving the man they were protecting in Thjofadal, hoping that this would reduce the compensation they would have to pay if he did not attend in person. Meanwhile, Hunrod and Thorolf leikgoði also went to the assembly. While near Reykjavellir, their horses ran off, and they searched for them without success.They saw a man not far from them and thought he was a villain who had taken their horses. They didn’t inquire further and immediately rushed at him and killed him. Afterward, they rode to the assembly and informed the brothers, Throttolf and Fostolf. The brothers were greatly displeased and demanded compensation, saying they had made peace with the relatives of the deceased and had paid for him. Hunrod said that he thought there would be other payments that were more appropriate, and with that, they rode away from the assembly.

Fastolf and Throtolf then purchased land at a place called Holt in Kolkumyri. A man named Thorfinn, a relative of theirs, lived at Breidabolstad in Vatnsdal. He had business in Skagastrond, and Ulfhedinn and Thorolf leikgoði happened to travel there at the same time. As they crossed the Breidavad river near Blanda, Thorfinn, Fostolf, and Throttolf were slightly behind them. The brothers suggested it was a good opportunity to catch up with Ulfhedinn, who had killed their man earlier that summer, and seek revenge. Thorfinn refused to join them, so the brothers rode ahead in pursuit.

Thorolf leikgoði saw this and said: “Let us ride hard ahead. The brothers are coming after us.”

“No,” said Ulfhedinn, “I will not do that, for they will say that I fled.”

Thorolf spurred his horse across the river, but the brothers attacked Ulfhedinn, and he fell there. Afterward, the brothers rode back and told Þorfinn the news. He said it was an unjust act against a good man, and he returned home to Vatnsdal.

Ulfhedinn was gravely wounded, near death.

His brother, Hunrod, found him and brought him home. Before dying, Ulfhedinn asked his brother to make peace after he was gone, that revenge would not be feasible: “Because I now recall the previous journey, and I know that no one who was on that journey has died of sickness.”

Then Ulfhedinn passed away, but Hunrod was unwilling to accept a settlement and prepared the case for the general-assembly. Thorfinn offered peace and compensation, but Hunrod declared that he would accept nothing but penalty for them, and so it was, and he rode away from the assembly. The brothers built a great fortification at Holt on Kolkumyri, and it became difficult for Hunrod to pursue them.

There was a freedman named Skum. He had acquired wealth and become prosperous, but was driven into poverty by Hunrod. Skum went abroad, arriving in Norway and traveling north to Trondheim. There, he gained great wealth and stayed for a while, returning home rich again the next time. Hunrod wasted all his own money as well as what Skum had owned, so that he became nearly penniless. He sought out Thorkell, the chieftain of the Vatnsdal people, and explained his troubles to him.

Thorkell said: “You have made a poor choice by not accepting compensation after your brother’s death, especially when he advised you that nothing else would come of it. Now you have neither wealth nor vengeance. But since you have come to me for advice, I will go with you and seek a settlement.”

Thorkel met with the brothers and asked if they would be willing to reconcile with Hunrod if given the chance. They were reluctant, stating that it was no better to reconcile now than when it was first offered.

Thorkel responded, “You must either leave the country as was proposed, or I will not support you.”

The brothers agreed, stating that they valued Thorkel’s words “least of all would we want to have you up against us.” They then traveled to Throndheim.

While there, Throttolf commented, “It is not right that Hunrod, a good man, should be destitute, largely because of us, while his former slave Skum has become as wealthy as Njord.”

They then sought out Skum and killed him, taking all his wealth and sending it to Hunrod.

Shortly afterward, Throttolf returned to Iceland and sought out Thorkel Krafla, asking him to mediate a settlement with Hunrod. Thorkel agreed and met with Hunrod. Through his wisdom and good will, Thorkel was able to broker a full reconciliation between them, leaving both sides satisfied.

Thorkel lived to old age, and when he was on his deathbed, he called his friends, relatives, and supporters to him.

Thorkel spoke: “I want you to know that I have contracted an illness, and I believe it will soon separate us. You have been obedient and loyal to me, and I thank you for that.”

After that, he passed away, deeply mourned by his supporters and everyone in the district, for he was considered a great chieftain, a man of good fortune, and the most similar to the earlier Vatnsdal clan leaders, such as Thorstein and Ingimund. Thorkel was also known for being a devout Christian who prepared for his death in a Christian manner.

And so, we bring the Vatnsdæla Saga to its conclusion.

Related Sagas

Laxdæla saga

The Saga of the People of Laxárdalr

Heiðarvíga saga

The Saga of the Heath slayings